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Terbitan Separa (Partial Derivatives) Fungsi Terbitan Separa - Petua Rantai - Aplikasi Terbitan Separa Dalam Masalah Maksimum Dan Minimum
Terbitan Separa (Partial Derivatives) Fungsi Terbitan Separa - Petua Rantai - Aplikasi Terbitan Separa Dalam Masalah Maksimum Dan Minimum
(Partial Derivatives)
•Fungsi Dua Pembolehubah
•Fungsi Terbitan Separa
•Petua rantai
•Aplikasi Terbitan Separa dalam
masalah Maksimum dan minimum
CLO
• Menentukan graf fungsi dan pembezaan
fungsi terbitan separa serta aplikasinya
dalam masalah maksimum dan minimum
Perbincangan;
o Tatanda fungsi 2 p.u
o Domain fungsi 2 p.u
o Graphs fungsi 2 p.u
Introduction
Functions of Two Variables
• Consider a function with two inputs and one
output 7 5
– Two independent
variables f (x, y)
– One dependant 43
variable
• z = f ( x, y )
Example Examples of problems with two variables.
respectively.
f x, y 2 x 2 y 2
Hopefully you can see the notation for functions of several
variables is similar to the notation you’ve used with single variable
functions.
z f x, y 2 x 2 y 2
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When finding values of the several variable functions instead of
just substituting in an x-value, we will substitute in values for each
of the independent variables:
f x , y 2x 2 y 2
f 2,3 2 22 32 2 4 9 17
f 4,3 2 42 3 2 16 9 41
2
f 5, y 2 52 y 2 2 25 y 2 50 y 2
Example
Let f be the function defined by
f ( x, y ) 3 x y 2 y .
2 3
25
f (2, 1) 3 2 (1) 2 1
2 3
15
2
f ( 2,3 ) 1
2 3 3
3 3
f ( 3,2 )
3 2 3 2
4
2 y
5
f g x , y f x , y g x , y
f g x , y f x , y g x , y
f f x , y
x , y , Provided g x , y 0
g
g x , y
Domain Fungsi 2 p.u
Unless the domain is given, assume the domain is the
set of all points for which the equation is defined.
For example, consider the functions
1
f x , y 3x y
2 2
and g x , y
xy
Solution: The domain of f(x, y) is the set of all points that satisfy the
inequality:
25 x y 0
2 2 or 25 x 2 y 2
You may recognize that this is similar to the equation of a circle and
the inequality implies that any ordered pair on the circle or inside
the circle x y 25 is in the domain.
2 2
y
The highlighted area is the
domain to f.
x
EXAMPLE
2
Answer : D x, y x y 1 0, x 1 , f 3, 2
2
6
z f x, y , range is z z
xy
b) f x, y ;
x 2y
Eva1uate f 2,3 , f 2,1
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EXAMPLE
3 Find the domain of the function:
h x , y lnxy
Solution:
We know the argument of the natural log must be
greater than zero.
So, x y 0
x
As you have done before when sketching a surface in 3-dimensions
it may be helpful for you to use the traces in each coordinate plane.
4. Let z = 3: 3 25 x 2 y 2 or x 2 y 2 16
5. Let z = 4: 4 25 x 2 y 2 or x 2 y 2 9
z=4
z=3
Here is a graph of the function using the 3-dimensional
graphing utility DPGraph.
z
x
EXAMPLE
4
Sketch the surface: z 9x2 y2
x2 y2 9 Circle
z y 2 9 Parabola
z x 2 9 Parabola
Solution to Example 4 Continued:
5 9x2 y2
or
Circle centered at (0, 0, 5) with
x2 y2 4 radius 2.
7 9x2 y2
or
Circle centered at (0, 0, -7) with
x y 16
2 2
radius 4.
Here is a sketch of the traces in z
each coordinate plane.
This paraboloid extends below the
xy-plane.
z y 2 9
z x 2 9
x2 y2 9
x
Here’s a graph of the surface using DPGraph.
Level Curves
c 4: 4 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 9 Circle with r 3
c 3: 3 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 16 Circle with r 4
c 0 : 0 x 2 2y 2 Point at 0,0
x2 y2
c 2: 2 x 2
2y 2
Ellipse: 1
2 1
x2 y2
c 4: 4 x 2
2y 2
Ellipse: 1
4 2
x2 y2
c 6: 6 x 2
2y 2
Ellipse: 1
6 3
x2 y2
c 8 : 8 x 2 2y 2 Ellipse: 1
8 4
Solution to Example 6 Continued: Contour map with point (0, 0) for c
= 0 and then ellipses expanding out from the center for the
remaining values of c.
Example 6 Continued: