FUNCTIONS

September 15, 2020

In this lesson, you will learn:

• the concept of function and function notation

• domain and range
• evaluating function
• operations on functions
• composition of functions
• the identity function
• the inverse of a function
Relation

• A relation between variables x and y is any set of points in

the (x, y) plane.
• A relation ℜ on a set S is a subset of S × S.
• If y is related to x, we denote this by y ℜ x
• For example, consider ℜ = {(x, y) : 2x - y = 6, x, y  ℝ}
• -2ℜ2 since 2(2) - (-2) = 4 + 2 = 6
• however, 2 is not related to -2 since 2(-2) - 2 is not equal to 6
Function

• A function is a set of ordered pairs of numbers (x, y) in which

no two distinct ordered pairs have the same first number.
• A function is a relation in which no two different ordered pairs
have the same x-coordinate or first component
• Function notation:
• y = f(x)
•f : x  y
Algebraic Test for Function

1 y  2 x  3 1) Function

2 x  y  7 2) Not Function

3 2 xy  x  4 3) Function

x 1
4y  4) Not Function
y
Domain and Range

• Domain - the set of all admissible values of x

• Range - the set of all resulting values of y
• For example, consider the function y  2 x  3
• The domain is the set of real numbers x such that 2x - 3 ≥
0 or x ≥ 3/2
• The range is the set of nonnegative real numbers
Evaluating Functions

Consider the function 2 xy  x  4

x 4 1 2
This equation can be rewritten into y   
2x 2 x
5
Thus, f  1 
2
1 1
f 2 k   
2 k
1 2
f x  h   
2 x  h
Operations on Functions

Define:

 f  g  x   f  x   g  x 
 fg  x    f  x  g  x 
 f  f x 
   x   , given that g  x   0
 g  g x 
Operations on Functions examples

Let f x
 2
x7 an d
g x x 2
x4 2

1 f  g 5   f 5   g 5   3  19  16

2  g  f  x   x 2  2 x  4   2 x  7   x2  3
3  f  g 4    f 4  g 4   112   12
1 13
g 
 g  1   2 4 13
4        
 f  2  1
f 
 6 24
2
Composition of Functions

• The composition of two functions f and g, denoted by f◦g, is

defined by:
 f  g x  f  g x

• The domain of f◦g is the set of all numbers x in the domain of

g such that g(x) is in the domain of f.
Composition of Functions example

Let f x
 2
x7 an d
g x x 2
x4 2

1 f  g 2   f  g 2   f 4   1
2  g  f 2   g  f 2   g  3   19
 
3  f  g  x   f  g  x   2 x  2 x  4  7  2 x  4 x  1
2 2
Practice

2
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2
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2
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2
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4
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2
The Identity Function

The identity function i is the function where every x in the

domain is paired with itself in the codomain (or range).

The identity function is defined as:  : x  xx R

This can also be written as  x   x
Properties of the Identity Function

• The domain and range of the identity function is the set ℝ.

• The composition of the identity function with any function f,
both from left and right, is equal to f. That is:
 f  x   f  x  f
• For example, let f  x   2and
x 5 g x   2 x 2  1
• Find: a  g    x 

b   f  x 