Composite Functions

Given functions f and g

f o g is called their composite , defined by
( f o g )(x) = f (g(x))
Example:
1 1
f ( x)  , g ( x) 
1 2x x
( f  g )( x)  f ( g ( x))  f ( 1x )
1 x
 
1  2( 1x ) x  2

x
Domain of ( f  g )( x) 
x2
are all real number except x = 0 and x = 2
Example: 1 1
f ( x)  , g ( x) 
1 2x x
1
( g  f )( x)  g ( f ( x))  g ( )
1  2x
1
  1  2x
1
1  2x

Domain of g o f is all real numbers except

x = 1/2

Why ?
Example
Express G(x) = (2x + 8)5 in composite form
Let f (x) = 2x + 8 , then g(x) = x5

Then , ( g o f )( x)  g (2 x  8)
5
 (2 x  8)
 G ( x)
 Exercise:

3 9
Express G(x) = (4  x ) as composition
of f o g o h
 3 9
Express G(x) = (4  x ) as composition
of f o g o h
Let f (x) = x 9 , g(x) = 4+ x , h( x)  3 x

( f o g o h)( x)  ( f o g )(h( x)  ( f o g )(3 x )

3
 f (4  x )
3 9
 (4  x )
 G ( x)
Example: Using composite functions

A meteorologist is inflating a spherical balloon

with helium gas. If the radius of the balloon is changing ata rate
of 1.5 cm/sec, express the volume V of the balloon as a
functions of time t in seconds.

Solution:
Let x denote the radius of the balloon then the
radius of the balloon after t seconds is
x = 1.5t, if radius is 0 initially.
Volume of the sphere of radius x is
4
V  x 3
3
4
V   (1.5t ) 3
3
One-to-One Functions;
Inverse Function
 A function f is one-to-one if for each x in the domain of
f there is exactly one y in the range and no y in the range
is the image of more than one x in the domain.

A function is not one-to-one if two different elements in

the domain correspond to the same element in the range.
 x1 y1 x1 y1
x2
x3 y x2
2 y3 x3
Domain Range y3
Domain Range
One-to-one NOT One-to-one
function function
x1 y1

x3 y
2 y3 Not a
Domain Range function
M: Mother Function is NOT one-one
A
B L
C M
D N
E O
F P

Humans Mothers
P: Passport function IS one-one

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Muzakir
Afif
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Yusri
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students PN
Is the function f below one – one?

1 10

2 11

3 12

4 13

5 14

6 15

7 16
 Inverse function
Let f denote a one-to-one function y = f(x). .
The inverse of f, denoted by f -1 , is a
function such that f -1(f( x )) = x for every x
in the domain of f and f(f -1(x))=x for every x
in the domain of f -1.
Domain of f Range of f
f

1
f

1 1
Range of f Domain of f
1
Domain of f  Range of f
1
Range of f  Domain of f
Theorem

The graph of a function f and the

1
graph of its inverse f are symmetric
with respect to the line y = x.
 6 f y=x

4
1
f
(0, 2)
2

(2, 0)
2 0 2 4 6

2
Finding the inverse of a 1-1 function

Step1: Write the equation in the form y  f (x)

Step2: Interchange x and y.

Step 3: Solve for y.

Step 4: Write f 1 ( x) for y.

Example:
5
Find the inverse of f ( x) 
x 3
Step1: 5
y
x 3
5
Step2: Interchange x and y x
y 3

Step 3: Solve for y

 1 5  3x
f ( x) 
x