July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.

15-06-0302-02-003c

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: [Saleh-Valenzuela Channel Model Parameters for Library Environment]

Date Submitted: [July 2006]
Source: [Alexei Davydov, Alexander Maltsev, Ali Sadri]
Company: [Intel Corporation]
Address: [Intel Corporation, 603950 Turgeneva 30, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia], E-mail:
[alexei.davydov@intel.com, alexander.maltsev@intel.com, ali.sadri@intel.com]
Abstract: [This contribution contains the parameters for Saleh-Valenzuela channel model with
direction-of-arrival extension extracted from IMST data for library environment]
Purpose: [Contribution to 802.15 TG3c at July 2006 meeting in San-Diego, USA]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the
right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of
IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

Submission Slide 1 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Goals
• Present estimated parameters for Saleh-
Valenzuela model with direction-of-arrival
extension (currently considered by 802.15.3c
channel model subgroup) for library environment
• Minimize the impact of TX/RX antenna patterns in
IMST measurements data on extracted
parameters of the channel model

Submission Slide 2 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Measurements Scenarios
• Library environment with tables, chairs and metal bookshelves with books
• 3 main types of measurement scenarios
– LOS: unobstructed line of sight conditions
– Edge: partially obstructed line of sight by the edge of a metal bookshelf
– NLOS: non line of sight obstructed by a densely filled bookshelf
• 3 types of RX antennas (horn, wideband dipole array antenna, biconical)
• Fixed TX lens antenna position at the suspended ceiling, RX measurements
range ~2-5m
• Time resolution is 1/960MHz ≈ 1ns
• Two types of virtual uniform antenna arrays for direction of arrival analysis
– 501x1 uniform linear array with 1mm antenna spacing (los scenarios)
– 301x51 uniform planar antenna array with 1mm antenna spacing (edge
scenario)

Submission Slide 3 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Measurements Scenarios Plan

LOS NLOS

Edge
Measurements data for biconical RX antenna in pure NLOS scenario is not available
Submission Slide 4 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)
July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Saleh-Valenzuela Channel Model

L 1 K l 1
h t ,    K LOS   t ,       k ,l t  Tl   k ,l    l   k ,l 
   l 0 k 0 
LOS MPC

• L – Number of clusters
• Kl – Number of MPC in the lth cluster 40

• KLOS – LOS K factor 35

• KMP – Cluster K factor

30

KLOS

Relative Power, [dB]

25
• αk,l – MPC complex amplitude 20

• Tl – Time of arrival of lth cluster 15

KMP
• τk,l – Relative time of arrival for kth MPC 10

within lth cluster 5

• θk,l – Relative direction of arrival for kth 0

MPC within lth cluster 0 10 20 30 40

Delay, [ns]
50 60 70 80

• Θl – Direction of arrival of lth cluster  k ,l  l   k ,l e

2j k ,l

• δ(·) – Delta function  

Complex amplitude Cluster amplitude MPC amplitude

Submission Slide 5 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Inter-Cluster Parameters (1)

0.015 1
Empirical pdf Empirical cdf
Uniform pdf 0.9 Uniform cdf

0.8

0.7

Cumulative Density
0.01
Probability Density

0.6

0.5

0.4
0.005
0.3

0.2

0.1

0 0
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Cluster DoA, [deg] Cluster DoA, [deg]

00 – reference direction: RX antenna pointed in the TX antenna direction.

Uniform distribution may be used for cluster DoA modeling.

Submission Slide 6 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Inter-Cluster Parameters (2)

0.25 1
Empirical cdf Empirical cdf
Exponetial cdf 0.9 Exponetial cdf

0.2 0.8

0.7

Cumulative Density
Probability Density

0.15 0.6

0.5

0.1 0.4

0.3

0.05 0.2

0.1

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cluster inter-arrival time, [ns] Cluster inter-arrival time, [ns]

p(Tl | Tl 1 )   exp( (Tl  Tl 1 )), l  0

Poisson process (Λ = 0.25, [ns-1]) may be used to model cluster arrival times

Submission Slide 7 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Inter-Cluster Parameters (3)

Exp aprx of cluster Flat-Exp aprx of
20 PDP 20 cluster PDP
Empirical data Empirical data
Linear LS fit Linear LS fit
10 10

0 0

Relative Power, [dB]

KLOS = 8, [dB]
Relative Power, [dB]

KLOS = 8, [dB]
-10 -10
Δ = 11, [dB]
τ = 30, [ns]
-20 -20

-30 -30

-40 -40
Cluster decay (Γ
= 12 [ns]) was
-50 -50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 estimated from 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cluster arrival time, [ns] Cluster arrival time, [ns]
clusters arriving
with delays > 30

Tl
ns  1  Tl 
l l  1, e 
2
e
2 
  

Note: Amplitudes of cluster arriving with delay < 30 [ns] are affected by TX beam shaped antenna. Two
approximations of cluster PDP are possible.
Submission Slide 8 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)
 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (1)

Empirical pdf Empirical cdf

Normal pdf Normal cdf
Laplacian pdf Laplacian cdf

Cumulative Density
Probability Density

0
MPC normalized DoA MPC normalized DoA

Various empirical pdf’s for MPC DoA estimated from the measurements data may be
approximately described by common Gaussian distribution with fixed angle spread (σAS =
100).

Submission Slide 9 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (2)

4.5 1
Empirical pdf
4 Exponetial pdf 0.9

3.5 0.8

0.7

Cumulative Density
3
Probability Density

0.6
2.5
0.5
2
0.4
1.5
0.3
1
0.2
0.5 0.1

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MPC inter-arrival time, [ns] MPC inter-arrival time, [ns]

p( k ,l |  k ,l 1 )   exp(  ( k ,l   k ,l 1 )), k  0

Poisson process (λ = 4, [ns-1]) may be used to model intra-cluster MPC arrival times

Submission Slide 10 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (3)

2j k ,l
 k ,l  l   k ,l e
 
Complex amplitude Cluster amplitude MPC amplitude

0
Empirical Data
-5 Linear LS fit

-10
Relative Power, [dB]

-15

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40
0 5 10 15
MPC relative arrival time, [ns]

 k ,l
2 
 k ,l  K MP  e 

Ray decay constant (γ = 7 [ns]) and cluster K-factor (KMP= -13 [dB]) were
estimated for cluster group arriving in interval from 0 [ns] to 50 [ns]
Submission Slide 11 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)
 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Intra-Cluster MPC parameters (4)

1.4 1
Empirical pdf Empirical cdf
Log-normal pdf 0.9 Log-normal cdf
1.2
Rayleigh pdf Rayeigh cdf
0.8

1
0.7

Cumulative Density
Probability Density

0.6
0.8

0.5
0.6
0.4

0.4 0.3

0.2
0.2
0.1

0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
MPC amplitude MPC amplitude

Log-normal distribution (σ2 = 6 [dB]) may be used for intra-cluster MPC amplitude modeling. Rayeligh
distribution gives worse approximation of empirical data.

Submission Slide 12 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Edge Scenario
-90
Shadow region with
-95
blocked LOS
-100 component
Relative Power, [dB]

-105

-110

-115

-120

-125
LOS region
-130
0 100 200 300 400 500
Spacing, [mm]

The scenario with blocked LOS component (“partial NLOS”) can covered with LOS model by
dropping the direct path by 10-15 dB and keeping the remaining parameters unchanged.

Submission Slide 13 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Extracted channel model parameters

Param Γ, [ns] γ, [ns] Λ, [ns-1] λ, [ns-1] Klos, [dB] KMP, [dB] σAS, [deg] σ1, [dB] σ2, [dB] τ, [ns] Δ, [dB]
Value 12 7 0.25 4 8 -13 10 5 6 30 11
Distribution N/A N/A Poisson Poisson N/A N/A Gaussian Log-Normal Log-Normal N/A N/A

• Inter-cluster Power Delay Profile parameters

– Exponential PDP: K factor KLOS = 8 [dB], cluster decay Γ = 12 [ns]
– Flat-Exponential PDP: K factor KLOS = 8 [dB], cluster decay Γ = 12 [ns],
Δ = 11 [dB], τ = 30 [ns]
• Inter-cluster DoA – Uniform distribution
• Intra-cluster DoA – Gaussian (Angles Spread (AS) σAS = 10 [0])
• Inter-cluster ToA / Intra-cluster ToA – Poisson (Λ = 0.25 [ns-1] / λ = 4 [ns-1])
• Cluster / Ray amplitude – Log-normal (σ1 = 5 [dB] / σ2 = 6 [dB])
• Intra-cluster K factor KMP = -13 [dB]
• Intra-cluster ray decay γ = 7 [ns]

Note: Two approximations of cluster PDP are proposed:

Exponential PDP - for TX omni-directional antenna mounted at the suspended ceiling.
Flat-exponential PDP - for TX beam-shaped antenna mounted at the suspended ceiling.

Submission Slide 14 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Summary
• Based on IMST measurements data the parameters of Sale-
Valenzuela channel models with DoA extension were extracted
for the LOS scenario in library environment
– Exponential PDP - for TX omni-directional antenna
– Flat-exponential PDP - for TX beam-shaped antenna
• NLOS scenario (with blocked direct path) may be covered by
LOS model by dropping the direct path by 10-15dB
• Different RX antenna patterns may be taken into account in the
framework of the proposed channel models

Submission Slide 15 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Back up

• Channel generation procedure

• Matlab code
• Examples

Submission Slide 16 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Channel Generation Procedure

• Initialize the channel parameters

• Generate cluster’s parameters
– Cluster time of arrival / angle of arrival /
amplitude
• For each cluster generate MPC’s
parameters
– Ray time of arrival / angle of arrival / amplitude

Submission Slide 17 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Matlab code

Example of impulse response generation routine

Submission Slide 18 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Modeled channel impulse responses

50

45

40

35
Relative Power, [dB]

Relative Power, [dB]

30
40
25
20
20
0 150
15 0

100 100
10

5 200 50

0 300
0 50 100 150 Delay, [ns]
0
Azimuth, [deg]
Delay, [ns]

1-D Instantaneous impulse 2-D Instantaneous impulse

response response

Submission Slide 19 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)

 July 2006 doc.: IEEE 802.15-06-0302-02-003c

Modeled / Measured channel impulse

Ray amplitudes are responses
affected by TX/RX
antenna elevation
patterns
-115
LOS
-20
component
-120 -25

-125 Individual -30

Relative Power, [dB]

-130
echoes -35
Relative Power, [dB]

-135 -40
Exponential
-140
decaying -45

-145 -50

-150 Noise floor -55

-155 -60

-160 -65
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Delay, [ns] Delay, [ns]

Measured Average Power Delay Profiles for Modeled Average Power Delay Profiles for flat-
different measurement scenarios exponential PDP

Submission Slide 20 Alexei Davydov (Intel Corporation)