Module 4: Tissues

Definition
TISSUES are a groups of cells that are:

 Similar in structure
 Perform a common or related function

HISTOLOGY: the study of tissues

 A subset of Microscopic Anatomy
 Types of Tissues

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 Epithelial Tissue
Two types:
1. Covering/Lining Epithelium: forms outer layer of skin and
internal structures
2. Glandular Epithelium: forms glands of body

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 Epithelial Tissue
Functions of Epithelia:
1. Protection
2. Absorption
3. Filtration
4. Excretion
5. Secretion
6. Sensory reception
 Epithelial Tissue: Basic Structure

Apical Surface: free surface exposed to exterior environment or cavity

of organ
- Often have microvilli or cilia

Basal Surface: anchored lower surface

Basal Lamina: adhesive sheet beneath Basal Surface; joins epithelial

tissue to connective tissue
 Epithelial Tissue: Fun Facts
• Fit closely together to form continuous sheets

• Sit upon and are supported by Connective

Tissue

• Avascular, but Innervated

• High regenerative capacity

Epithelial Tissue: Classification
 Epithelial
Tissue:
Classification
 Glandular Epithelium
GLANDS consist of one or more cells
 they make or secrete a particular substance

Two types:
1. Unicellular: scattered within epithelial
sheets(ie. Mucous and Goblet cells)
2. Multicellular: contain secretory unit + duct
and many epithelial cells
Unicellular Glandular Epithelia
 Connective Tissue
Supports body structures.

Four types:
1. Connective Tissue Proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood
 Connective Tissue
Functions:

1. Binding and supporting

2. Protecting
3. Insulating
4. Storing reserve fuel
5. Transporting substances
 Connective Tissue Proper
Functions:
 Binding

 Resists tension/mechanical
stress

 Fat storage

 Provides reservoir for water

and salts
 Connective Tissue Proper
6 types (differ in density & fiber type):

1. Loose
 Areolar
 Adipose
 Reticular

2. Dense
 Regular
 Irregular
 Elastic
 Connective Tissue: Cartilage
Functions:
Resists compression
(high level of water in
matrix)

Cushions and supports

body structures

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 Connective Tissue: Cartilage
Three types:
1. Hyaline
2. - in the nose
3. Elastic
4. - maintains shape
5. Fibrocartilage- lower
concentation of water.-
not a lot of movement
 Connective Tissue: Bone
Functions:
Very hard; resists
compression and tension

Support

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 Connective Tissue: Bone
Two types:
1. Compact- very heavy.
2. Spongy – it has a lot of
holes and looks like a
sponge

 Contains collagen fibers,

but not elastic or reticular

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Connective Tissue: Blood
Functions:

Fluid tissue

Carries O2, CO2,

nutrients, wastes,
other substances
(hormones)
 Muscle
• High cell concentration

• Highly vascularized

• Responsible for most body movements

 Muscle

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 Nervous Tissue
Main component of Nervous
System: Brain, Spinal Cord,
Nerves

Two cell types:

1. Neurons
2. Supporting cells

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 Membranes
• Composed of several tissue types (always
epithelial and connective at the very least)
• Line the body or body cavities
• Provide protective layer(s)
• Absorption/secretion

Three types:
1. Cutaneous
2. Mucous
3. Serous
 Tissue Regeneration

Very good: Epithelial; bone, Areolar CT, Dense Irregular CT,

Blood-forming tissue

Moderate: Smooth muscle; Dense Regular CT

Poor/none: Cardiac muscle; Nervous Tissue- when they are

without oxygen for a long time they cannot