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Configuring VLAN
Configuring VLAN
1
Overview of Networking Terms
Networking Terms Overview
OSI Model
• Defines a networking framework for
implementing protocols in seven layers
• Control is passed from one layer to the
next, starting at the application layer in
one station, proceeding to the bottom
layer, over the channel to the next
station and back up the hierarchy
3
OSI Model
Of the 7 layers, we
are concerned with
Application Layer (Layer 7)
the bottom 3 layers.
Presentation Layer (Layer 6)
The top 4 layers are Session Layer (Layer 5)
OSI Layer 1
• This layer is the transmission media
» Category 5e and fiber optic cabling
» Radio signal in terms of wireless
• Performs transmission of raw bits
5
OSI Models
OSI Layer 2
• Data packets are encoded and decoded
into bits.
• Divided into 2 sub-layers
» MAC (Media Access Control)
– Controls how hosts on the network gain
access to the data and permission to transmit
it
» LLC (Logical Link Control)
– Controls frame synchronization, flow
control, and error checking 6
OSI Models
OSI Layer 3
• Routing and forwarding functions
• Handles end to end addressing
• Provides the mean for separate
networks to talk to each other
• IP (Internet Protocol) is at this level
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Definition of Network Device Types
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Network Device Types
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Network Device - Repeater
Repeater
• A Layer 1 device
• An electronic device to receive a signal
on a port and retransmits it at a higher
level or higher power
• Used when you need to go farther
distances than the cabling will allow
• Usually has 2 ports (IN/OUT)
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Network Device - Hub
Hub
• A Layer 1 device
• A device that contains multiple ports
• Has no logic or “brain”
• Simply passes data out all other ports
• In simple terms, it is a multi-port
repeater
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Network Device - Bridge
Bridge
• A Layer 2 device
• Connects multiple Layer 2 segments
• Has logic or “brain”
• Learns what Layer 2 MAC addresses are
associated with each port
• Receives frames destined for a
particular MAC address and only sends
the data out the correct port
12
Network Device - Switch
Switch
• A layer 2 device
• Basically a multi-port bridge
• Learns MAC Addresses to Port
mappings
• Doesn’t flood data out every port
unless the MAC address hasn’t been
learned
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Network Device - Router
Router
• A Layer 3 device
• Connects multiple Layer 3 networks
• Uses Layer 3 addressing (IP addressing)
• Allows communication between
different Layer 2 segments
• Breaks up broadcast domains
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Broadcast Domain?
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So what is a VLAN?
What is a VLAN?
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Traditional LAN
A traditional LAN
would require all
users of the same
requirements and
same IP subnet
(broadcast domain)
be connected to the
same equipment.
18
VLAN-based LAN
By utilizing VLANs,
the same users can
be spread out over
various geographical
locations and still
remain in their same
IP subnet (broadcast
domain).
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How VLANs work?
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How VLANs Work?
23
How VLANs work?
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How VLANs work?
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Benefits of VLANs
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Benefits of VLANs
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Benefits of VLANs
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Drawbacks of VLANs
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Drawbacks of VLANs
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Questions & Answers