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Barometer

- A barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. It works by measuring the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on a column of mercury or water. - On Mount Everest, the atmospheric pressure is about 1/3 of normal sea level pressure. This lower pressure means water boils at a lower temperature of around 61°C rather than 100°C at sea level. - The normal boiling point of water is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of water equals atmospheric pressure. At higher elevations with lower pressure, water must reach a lower temperature in order for its vapor pressure to equal the atmospheric pressure before it can boil.

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296 views9 pages

Barometer

- A barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. It works by measuring the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on a column of mercury or water. - On Mount Everest, the atmospheric pressure is about 1/3 of normal sea level pressure. This lower pressure means water boils at a lower temperature of around 61°C rather than 100°C at sea level. - The normal boiling point of water is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of water equals atmospheric pressure. At higher elevations with lower pressure, water must reach a lower temperature in order for its vapor pressure to equal the atmospheric pressure before it can boil.

Uploaded by

santikakusuma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

How to Measure Pressure

Barometer
– measures atmospheric pressure

vacuum

Patm PHg

Aneroid Barometer

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem


vacuum

air
mercury (Hg) pressure

barometer: device to measure air pressure


Barometer Empty space
(a vacuum)

Hg

Weight of the
mercury in
the column

Weight of the
atmosphere
(atmospheric
pressure)

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 401


Water column

Barometer
(34.0 ft. high
or 10.4 m)

• Mercury filled
760 mm = 1 atm
Atmospheric
pressure

• Water filled
10400 mm = 1 atm
Mercury column
(30.0 in. high
or 76 cm)

The barometer measures


air pressure
fraction average altitude
of 1 atm
(m) (ft)
1
1/2 5,486
0
18,000
0
Barometers
1/3 8,376 27,480
1/10 16,132 52,926
1/100 30,901 101,381
1/1000 48,467 159,013
Mount Everest
1/10000 69,464 227,899
1/100000 96,282 283,076

Sea level On top of Mount Everest


Sea level
Boiling vs. Evaporation
Boiling point: atmospheric pressure = vapor pressure
AIR
PRESSURE

15psi
Revolutionary process - fast

VAPOR Lyophilization – freeze drying


PRESSURE

15 psi

Evaporation: molecules go from liquid to gas phase


gas Evolutionary process - slow

liquid
Boiling Point on Mt. Everest
Water exerts a vapor pressure of 101.3 kPa at
a temperature of 100 oC. This is defined as its
normal boiling point:
‘vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure’

x kPa = 253 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) = 33.7 kPa


(760 mm Hg)
Boiling Point on Mt. Everest
Water exerts a vapor pressure of 101.3 kPa at
a temperature of 100 oC. This is defined as its
normal boiling point:
‘vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure’

61.3oC 78.4oC 100oC


101.3
93.3

80.0
Pressure (KPa)

66.6

53.3

40.0

26.7

13.3
On top of Mt. Everest
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Temperature (oC)
101.3 kPa
x kPa = 253 mm Hg = 33.7 kPa
760 mm Hg
Boiling Point on Mt. Everest
Water exerts a vapor pressure of 101.3 kPa at
a temperature of 100 oC. This is defined as its
normal boiling point:
‘vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure’
61.3oC 78.4oC 100oC
101.3
93.3

80.0

Pressure (KPa)
66.6

53.3

40.0

26.7

13.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Temperature (oC)

101.3 kPa
x kPa = 253 mm Hg = 33.7 kPa
760 mm Hg

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