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IMRAD Structure for Research Papers

This document outlines the typical structure and components of an academic research paper, including the IMRAD format and typical chapters. It discusses that the introduction section should catch the reader's interest, justify the research, and provide relevant background information. The introduction should be relatively short and avoid repetition, instead focusing on motivation and objectives.

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Annalyn Duculan Soria
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877 views10 pages

IMRAD Structure for Research Papers

This document outlines the typical structure and components of an academic research paper, including the IMRAD format and typical chapters. It discusses that the introduction section should catch the reader's interest, justify the research, and provide relevant background information. The introduction should be relatively short and avoid repetition, instead focusing on motivation and objectives.

Uploaded by

Annalyn Duculan Soria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Document Structure and Guidelines: Outlines the overall format of an IMRAD document, providing a skeleton for Introduction, Methodology, Results, and Discussion along with guidelines for valid and reliable scientific reporting.
  • Introduction Guidelines: Details what makes a strong introduction, including key elements such as defining the problem's nature, explaining objectives, and situating the research within the wider literature.
  • Introduction: Emphasizes crafting an engaging introduction by positioning oneself as the reader and highlights the need for a concise yet informative start to a scientific document.
  • Tips for Introduction: Provides additional advice for creating an introduction, advising brevity, pertinent literature review, and avoidance of redundant content.
  • Tense and Narrative in Introduction: Discusses suitable tense usage and narrative focus within the introduction, balancing present tense for motivation and past for reviewed literature.

Engr.

Annalyn Soria
I– Introduction
M- Methodology
R – Results
A- Analysis
D- Discussion
 Introduction: Why you did this work?
What is its purpose?
 Methods: What materials did you
use? How did you use
them?
 Results What did you discover?
 Analysis What do your findings
mean?
 Discussion How does this relate to the
problem?
 IMRAD can be modified
– If several methods are used, combine
Methods with Results
– If results are complex, combine Results
with Discussion.
– If discussion clearly conclude, combine
Discussion with Conclusion
(CHAPTER I) Introduction
Statement of the problem & purpose
Significance of the study
Research questions and/or hypotheses
(CHAPTER II) - Methodology
Population and sampling
Instrumentation (include copy in appendix)
Procedure and time frame
Analysis plan (type of statistical tests)
Validity and reliability
Assumptions
Scope and limitations
(CHAPTER III) Results
(CHAPTER IV) Discussion & Conclusions
Summary (of what you did and found)
Discussion (why you think you found what
you did)
Recommendations (based on your
findings)
REFERENCES
 Put yourself in your reader's position
- would you continue reading?
- Catch the reader’s attention Review
pertinent literature Justification and
objectives
- Present tense
 A good introduction is relatively short.
 It tells why the reader should find the paper
interesting, explains why the author carried out
the research, and gives the background the
reader needs to understand and judge the paper.
 Specifically, the Introduction defines the nature
and extent of the problems studied, relates the
research to previous work (usually by a brief
review of the literature clearly relevant to the
problem), explains the objectives of
investigation, and defines any specialized terms
or abbreviations to be used in what follows.
 The Introduction should be relatively brief;
most journals recommend less than 500
words. Avoid repetition: do not repeat the
Abstract in the Introduction (and Introduction
in the Discussion).
 Do not go into an extensive literature
review;two to four most relevant and recent
citations should be adequate to corroborate a
statement. Do not repeat well-known facts
nor state the obvious.
 The Introduction section also may use
different tenses: justification and motivation
of the study is presented in present tense
whereas the review of literature is presented
in past tense. The objective is written in past
tense.

Engr. Annalyn Soria
I – Introduction M- Methodology R – Results A- Analysis D- Discussion
Introduction: Why you did this work? What is its purpose? Methods: What materials did you use? How did you use them? 
IMRAD can be modified – If several methods are used, combine Methods with Results – If results are complex, combine Resul
(CHAPTER I) Introduction Statement of the problem & purpose Significance of the study Research questions an
(CHAPTER III) Results (CHAPTER IV) Discussion & Conclusions Summary (of what you did and found) Discussion (why
Put yourself in your reader's position - would you continue reading? - Catch the reader’s attention Review pertinent lite
A good introduction is relatively short. It tells why the reader should find the paper interesting, explains why the autho
The Introduction should be relatively brief; most journals recommend less than 500 words. Avoid repetition: do not repeat
The Introduction section also may use different tenses: justification and motivation of the study is presented in present t

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