EYEPIECE

(OCULAR LENS)
 BODY TUBE

BODY TUBE
OBJECTIVE LENS
MIRROR - REFLECTOR
COARSE FOCUS
FINE FOCUS
NOSEPIECE
 ARM

DIAPHRAGM

BASE
STAGE
CLIP

STAGE
 Microscope
a. Ocular lens
a To enlarge an image which made by
Objective lenses
b. Microscope tube
Connecting an ocular lense and c. Coarse adjustment
Objective lense
b c Focusing an object’s shadow rapidly, so that
microscope tube can go down and up faster
e. Revolver
To choose objective lense which will be use
d. Fine adjustment
e d Focusing an object’s shadowslowly, so
f. Objective lense microscope tube can go down or up slowly
To make a shadow from the object and enlarge the
observed image f
There is 3 types magnifying ability :
4X, 10 X, 40 X g. Arm
i. Clip
g to holding a microscope when removed
To hold object to avoid slipping i
h. Stage
h To put an object which will observe
j. Condensor
Additional lenses to controll j
light intensity

k. Diaphragm
k
a hole which can arrange big or small. m. Base
It used to controlled light intensity m To preserve a microscope still standing
in a flat table

l
l. Mirror
To direct a light, until we can see the object
The other type of Microscope
DIGITAL MICROSCOPE
ELECTRONIC
MICROSCOPE
 And now……….

Lets check your understanding

 a

b c

e d
f
g
i
h
j

k
m

l
 Using and taking care of a
microscope

• Handled with two-hands :

1support the base
2 hold the microscope arm
• When observing specimen, follow this steps :
– Use the low-power objective lens
– Place the specimen on the stage and move the obj.
lens slowly
– Notice the image through the ocular lens, by using a
coarse adjustment move the obj. lens closer or farther
to find the clearest image
• When changing from lower-to higher-
power obj. lens, always be careful to look
at the position of the obj. lens!!!
• Clean lenses with lens paper or flanel
materials and don’t forget to clean all parts
of your microscope !!
• Be careful when using a cover glass, its
breaks easily!!
USING THE
MICROSCOPE
 USING THE
MICROSCOPE
1. To carry the microscope, grasp
the microscope arm with one
hand, Place your other hand (the
palm of our hand) under the base
2. Place the microscope on a table
with the arm toward you
3. Turn the coarse focus (coarse
adjustment knob) to raise the
body tube
4. Revolve the nosepiece until the low-
power objective lens clicks into
place
5. Adjust the diaphragm. While looking
through the eyepiece, also adjust
the mirror until you see a bright
circle of light.
6. Place a slide on a stage. Center the
specimen over the opening on the
stage. Use the stage clips to hold
the slide in place
7. Look at the stage from the side.
Carefully turn the coarse
adjustment knob (coarse focus) to
lower the body tube until the
low-power objective lens
almost touches the slide
8. Looking through the eyepiece, very
slowly turn the coarse adjustment
knob until the specimen comes
into focus
9. To switch the high-power
objective lens, look at the
microscope from the side.
Carefully revolve the nosepiece
until the high-power objective
lens click into place. Make sure
that the lens doesn’t hit the
slide
10. Looking through the eyepiece,
turn the fine adjustment knob
(fine focus) until specimen
comes into focus.
 MAKING A
WET – MOUNT
SLIDE
 MAKING A WET-
MOUNT SLIDE
1. Obtain a clean microscope slide
and a coverslip.
2. Place the specimen on the slide.
The specimen must be thin
enough for light to pass through
it.
3. Using the plastic dropper
(Pipette), place a drop water on
the specimen.
 Gently place on edge the
coverslip against the slide
so that it touches the
edge of the water drop at
a 45o angle

Remove any excess water

at the edge of the coverslip
with a paper towel
4. Gently place on edge the
coverslip against the slide so
that it touches the edge of the
water drop at a 45o angle.
5. Slowly lower the coverslip over the
specimen. If air bubbles are trapped
beneath the coverslip, tap the
coverslip gently with the eraser end
of a pencil
6. Remove any excess water at the
edge of the coverslip with a
paper towel
Next week, you have to bring…
• Razor blade
• Tooth-pick
• Tissue
• Flanel materials