Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 20
Directional Drilling
(continued)
1
Lesson 17
- Directional Drilling cont’d

Tool-Face Angle
Ouija Board
Dogleg Severity
Reverse Torque of Mud Motor
Examples

2
 Homework:
READ:
Applied Drilling Engineering”, Chapter 8
(to page 375)

3
 Solution Tool Face (g)

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

4
 Over one drilled interval (bit run)
GIVEN:
a = 16
o Solution Tool Face (g)

De = 12
o

aN = 12
o

De = 12o
g=?
o o
Initial Inclination = 16
b=?
o

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

5
 Fig. 8.33
Basis of chart
b construction is a
a trigonometric
relationship
aN illustrated by two
intersecting
planes

b = dogleg angle
De
6
Problem 1
Determine the new direction (eN) for a
whipstock set at 705 m with a tool-face
setting of 450 degrees right of high side
for a course length of 10 m.

The inclination is 70 and the direction is

N15W. The curve of the whipstock will
cause a total angle change of 30/30 m.

7
Problem 1

a=7
o
(inclination)
e = 345
o
(azimuth)
g = 45
o

g = 45
o
(tool face angle)
L = 10 m (course length)
d = 3 / 30 m
o
(dogleg severity)

eN = ?
o

8
Solution to Problem 1, part 1

I. Use Equation 8.43 to calculate b .

The dogleg severity,

b
d  (i)
L
d L 3  10 m


b   1o

i 30 m
9
 Solution to Problem 1, part 2
2. Use Equation 8.42 to calculate the
direction change.
tan b sin g
De  arc tan
sin a  tan b cos a cos g
 
1
tan 1 sin 45
De  tan
sin 7  tan 1 cos 7 cos 45
1
De  tan 0.092027  5.3 

New direction =3450 +5.30 = 350.30 = N9.7W

10
Problem 2
Determine where to set the tool face angle, g
for a jetting bit to go from a direction of 100
to 300 and from an inclination of 30 to 50.
Also calculate the dogleg severity, assuming
e
that the trajectory change takes 60 ft.
a=3 aN  5 

e = 10
e N  30 

Find g and d L  60 ft
11
 Solution to Problem 2, part 1

1. Find b using Equation 8.53

b  cos 1cos De sin aN sin a  cos aN cos a 

1

 cos cos 20 sin 5 sin 3  cos 5 cos 3
o o o o o

 cos 1 0.999116  2.4097o
12
Solution to Problem 2, part 2

2. Now calculate g from equation 8.48.

1  cos a cos b  cos aN 

g  cos  
 sin a sin b 
1  cos 3o cos 2.4097o  cos 5o 
g  cos  o o 
 sin 3 sin 2.4097 
1
g  cos 0.7052  45.15 o

13
Solution to Problem 2, part 3

3. The dogleg severity,

b
o
2.4097
d  (i)   100
L 60

d = 4.01o / 100 ft

Alternate solution: Use Ouija Board

14
Fig. 8.31: Solution to Example 8.6.
15
Problem 3
Determine the dogleg severity following a
jetting run where the inclination was changed
from 4.3o to 7.1o and the direction from N89E
to S80E over a drilled interval of 85 feet.
1. Solve by calculation.
2. Solve using Ragland diagram

a  4.3o aN  7.1o
L = 85 ft
e  89 o
eN  100 o

Da = 7.1 - 4.3 = 2.8. De = 100 - 89 = 11 16

 Solution to Problem 3, part 1
1. From Equation 8.55
1/ 2
 2 Da
1 2 De 2  a  aN 
b  2 sin sin  sin sin  
 2 2  2 
1/ 2
1 2 2.8 2 11 2  4.3  7.1
b  2 sin sin  sin sin  
 2 2  2 
b = 3.01 o

17
Solution to Problem 3, part 1

1. From Equation 8.43

the dogleg severity,

b 3.01
d  (i)   100
L 85

d  3.5 / 100 feet

o

18
Solution to Problem 3, part 2

2. Construct line of length a (4.3o)

Measure angle De (11o )
Construct line of length aN (7.1o)
Measure length b
(Measure angle g) 4.3
o
11 b
Ragland Diagram 7.1
19
 Some Equations to Calculate b
Eq. 8.53
b  arc cos(cos De sin aN sin a  cos a cos aN )

Eq. 8.54
cosb  cosDe sinaN sin a  cos Da  sin a sin aN
Eq. 8.55
 Da  2  De  2  a  aN 
b  2 arc sin sin 
2
  sin   sin  
 2   2   2 
20
Overall Angle Change and
Dogleg Severity

Equation 8.51 derived by Lubinski is used

to construct Figure 8.32,

a nomograph for determining

the total angle change b and
the dogleg severity, d.
21
Fig. 8.32: Chart
for determining
dogleg severity
22
 (aaN)/2 = 5.7o
aN  a = 2.8
o

b=3 o
De = 11 o

d = 3.5 /100 ft
o

23
(aaN)/2
o
= 5.7

De = 11 o

24
aN  a = 2.8
o

b=3
o

25
 b=3
o

d = 3.5 /100 ft
o

26
 (aaN)/2 = 5.7 o
aN  a = 2.8
o

b=3 o
De = 11 o

d = 3.5 /100 ft
o

27
Problem 4 - Torque and Twist
1.Calculate the total angle change of
3,650 ft. of 4 1/2 inches (3.826 ” ID)
Grade E 16.60 #/ft drill pipe and 300 ft.
of 7” drill collars (2 13/16” ID) for a bit-
generated torque of 1,000 ft-lbf. Assume
that the motor has the same properties
as the 7” drill collars. Shear modules of
steel, G = 11.5*106 psi.
2. What would be the total angle change if
7,300 ft. of drill pipe were used?
28
Solution to Problem 4
From Equation 8.56,

 ML   ML   ML 
M       
 GJ motor  GJ BHA  GJ drillstring

for Pipe, J  (

32
OD  ID 
4 4
)

32
( )
4.5 4  3.826 4  19.22 in4

for Collars, J 
 4
32
( )
7  2.813 4  229.6 in4
29
 Solution to Problem 4, cont.
M  L  L  
 M       radians
G  J  collars  J pipe 
in
1,000 ft.lbs  12  300  12in 3,650  12 in 
 ft 
 4 4 
lbf  229.6 in 19.22 in 
11.5  10 2
in

 0.001043 15.68  2,278.88  2.394 radians

180 deg
   2.394 rad   137.2o
 rad
30
Solution to Problem 4, cont.

If Length of drillpipe = 7,300 ft.,

M = 0.001043 15.68+2*2278.88]

180 deg
= 4.77 radians *
 rad

M  273.3 o
~ 3/4 revolution!
31
137.2
Example 8.10
Design a kickoff for the wellbore in Fig. 8.35.

e = S48W = 228o eN = N53W = 307o

a = 2o L = 150 ft aN = 6o

De = 79o Find b, g and d

o o
From Ouija Board, b  5.8 , g  97
32
 New Where to Set the Tool Face
Direction
o
b  5.8
o
g  97

High
Side High
Side
Present Direction

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

33
 Dogleg Severity

From Equation 8.43

the dogleg severity,

b 5 .8
d (i)   100
L 150

d  3.87 / 100 feet

o

34
 o o
With jetting bit: 325 345
o
307
o M = 20

Fig. 8.36:
Solution
for
o
Example 228
8.10.
35
 Tool Face Where to Set the Tool Face
Setting
Compensating for Reverse
New Torque of the Motor
Direction

High Present
Side Direction

High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

36