Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prepared by:
Luis Fernando Montoya
Chun-Ju Huang
Ashish K. Solanki
1
Agenda
Introduction
Applications of AC drives
Types of Methods to control the speed of Induction machine
V/F control
Power Converters
Simulation Model
Simulation Results
Conclusion
Reference
2
Introduction
3
Advantages and disadvantages of AC
Drives compare to DC Drives
Advantages of ac drives
1. For the same rating, ac motors are lighter in weight as compared
to dc motors.
2. AC motors require low maintenance.
3. AC motors are less expensive.
4. AC motors can work in dangerous areas like chemical,
petrochemical etc.
Disadvantage of ac drives
1.Power converters for the control of ac motors are more complex.
2.Power converter for ac drives are more expensive.
3.Power converters for ac drives generate harmonics in the supply
system and load circuit.
4
Industrial applications
Induction motors with squirrel cage rotors are the workhorse of
industry because of their low cost and rugged construction.
When Squirrel cage induction machine is operated directly from
the line voltages(60 Hz/50 Hz essentially constant voltage) an
Induction motor is operated at constant speed. However in the
industry we required to vary the speed of an Induction motor.
This can be done by Induction motor drives.
Main application of Induction Motor drives:
Fans, Compressor, Pumps, blowers, machine tools like lathe,
drilling machine, lifts, conveyer belts etc.
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Methods of Speed Control
of Induction motors
(1) Stator voltage Control
(2) Stator Frequency Control
(3) Stator Current Control
(4) V/F Control
(5) Slip power recovery Control ( Wound Rotor Induction
Machine)
6
Curve of the behavior of the
Induction Machine
• During start up. Normally
draws up to seven times the
rated current.
• Normally delivers
approximately 1.5 the rated
torque, when starting
8
Description of the principle
Assume the voltage applied to the Motor is AC, and the voltage
drop across the Armature resistance very small. Then at the
steady state we get:
Since the V/f relation keeps constant, then the flux remains
constant and the torque is independent of the supplied
frequency.
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Description of the Principle
Since the flux is maintained
constant, the toque developed
depends only on the slip speed.
Huge starting torque can be
obtained without heating-up the
machine
10
V/Hz Open Loop
Torque
Synchronous
frequency
11
V/Hz control Closed loop
12
Three Phase Full Bride Uncontrolled Rectifier
13
DC-DC Boost Converter
14
DC-DC Boost Converter
15
3 Phase PWM Inverter
16
Block Diagram of Simulation Model
17
Simulation Model
18
Uncontrolled Rectifier and DC-DC Boost
Converter Simulation Model
19
3 phase inverter with Squirrel Cage
Induction Motor
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Simulation Results
Input Voltage for 3 phase uncontrolled Rectifier
Voltage input to rectifier
Vin A
300 Vin B
Vin C
200
100
Input Voltage to rectifier(V)
-100
-200
-300
-400
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Simulation Results
Output Voltage of three phase uncontrolled rectifier
Vin A
300
Vin B
Vin C
Rectified Output voltage
200
100
Output Voltage of Rectifier(V)
-100
-200
-300
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Simulation Results
Output Voltage of DC/DC Boost converter
350
300
Output Voltage of DC DC Converter(V)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time(s)
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Simulation Results
A(V)) Output inverter(V))
-500
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time(s)
Output inverter phase
500
-500
B(V))
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Voltage
Time(s)
Output inverter phase
500
-500
C(V))
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Voltage
Time(s)
Voltage Output inverter phase
500
-500
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Time(s)
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Simulation Results
Output Voltage of Inverter after filter
( Controlled Input voltage given to Induction motor)
150
150
100
100
50
50
Voltage Input to Machine(V)
-50
-50
-100
-100
-150
-150
-200
-200
-250 3.68 3.7 3.72 3.74 3.76 3.78 3.8 3.82 3.84 3.86 3.88
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Time(s)
Time(s)
25
Simulation Results
Stator Current
Stator Current
10 Istator A
Istator B
Istator C
2
Stator Current(A)
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
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Simulation Results
Rotor Reference speed and Actual Speed
Here the reference speed is 1000 rpm= 104.72 rad/sec
Rotor Speed
120
Reference Speed
Actual Speed
100
80
Rotor Speed (rad/sec)
60
40
20
-20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time(s)
27
Simulation Results
Without Filter after the PWM inverter , rotor speed is fluctuating
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Simulation Results
Rotor Reference speed and Actual Speed
Rotor Speed
100
Reference Speed
Actual Speed
90
80
70
60
40
30
20
10
-10
0 2 4 6 Rotor Speed
8 10 12 14
140 Time(s)
Reference Speed
Actual Speed
120
100
80
40
20
-20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Rotor Speed
180 Time(s)
Reference Speed
Actual Speed
160
140
120
80
60
40
20
-20
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time(s)
12 14 16
29
18 20
Rotor Reference speed and
Actual Speed
Reference Speed is changed from 104.71 rad/sec to 92.24 rad/sec
Rotor Speed
120
Reference Speed
Actual Speed
100
80
Rotor Speed (rad/sec)
60
40
20
-20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time(s)
30
Conclusion
In Case of Squirrel cage induction motor the slip
cannot be increase above certain limit, the operating
speed range is very less. By applying the V/F control
we can get the large operating range by keeping V/F
ratio constant.
31
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Reference
[1] Modern Power Electronics and AC drives by Bose, Bimal K.
[2] POWER ELECTRONICS Converters, Applications and Design
by Ned Mohan
[3] Power electronics Lecture Notes by Prof. Nasiri
[4] Lecture Notes by Dr. Omar
[5] AC Induction Motor Control using Constant V/Hz Principe
and Space Vector PWM Technique with TMS320 C240
[6] Speed Control of 3-Phase Induction Motor Using PIC18
Microcontrollers
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