Optimalization Learning

The student must :

- be able
to explain about the learning difficulties
- know how to solve its.

The student must be able :

1. to explain about the learning efficiency
2. to explain about the learning approach
3. to explain about the learning strategies
4. to explain about the factors witch could affect the
learning process
5. to name the learning difficulties
6. to name the cause of learning difficulties
7. to explain how to solve that problem
1. Introduction
2. The Learning Efficiency
2.1. the meaning of learning efficiency
2.2. the learning approach
2.3. the learning methods
3. The Factors witch Can Affect the Learning Process
4. The Learning Management
4.1. the learning difficulties
4.2. the causes of it
4.3. the strategies to solve it
4.4. the time management

5. Summary
 Learning Difficulties
Learning Efficiency

Student

- Curriculum
- Men power
Institution - Learning Material-
instrument
2.1. The meaning of learning efficiency

2.1.1. From the learning effort view of point

2.1.2. From the learning outcomes view of point

2.1. The meaning of learning efficiency
2.1.1. From learning effort view of point

Ani

Learning
Ana Outcome

Ina

Learning Effort
2.1. The meaning of learning efficiency
2.1.2. From learning outcomes view of point

Ani

Ani
Ana Ana
Ina
Ina

Learning Effort Learning Outcome

2.2. The learning approach
2.2.1. Jost’s Law Approach
The more you learn read, the easier you
recall your memory
2.2.2. Ballard & Clanchy Approach
Learning approach influence by one’s attitude
to knowledge:
- conserving
- extending
2.2.3. Biggs Approach
- Surface approach
- Deep approach
- Achieving approach
 Characteristic of Learning Approach
Reproductive Analytic Speculative
Strategy: Strategy: Strategy:
- memorizing - critical thinking - Looking for other
- repetition - asking ways or explanation
- explaining - considering - Making hypothesis
- resuming - arguing
The question: The question : The question :
- What? - Why ? - How about …… ….?
- How ?
- Is that right?
- Is it important?
Goal: Goal: Goal:
Justification or Reforming the mate- Creating or developing
readdressing the rial to a new/different the knowledge mate-
materials. pattern. rial.
 Prototype of Motives and Strategy
Learning Approach Characteristic
1. Surface approach Extrinsic: failure Concentrating on
avoiding, but not material detail and
learning hard.
only reproducing.

2. Deep approach Intrinsic: try to Maximize by

satisfy his curiosity thinking, reading &
about the materials. discussing

Ego-enhancement: Optimizing time

3. Achieving approach competing to gain
higher point or control and learning
prestige. effort (learning skill)
2.3. The learning methods
2.3.1. SQ3R Method
Survey – Question – Read – Recite – Review

2.3.2. S2RQAR Method

Survey – Read – Resume – Questions –

Answer – Rewrite
2.3. The learning methods
2.3.1. SQ3R Method
2.3.1. Survey
Do survey, observation, or identification of the text
2.3.2. Question
make relevant questions
2.3.3. Read
read the text actively to answer that questions

2.3.4. Recite
rewrite or retell with your own words

2.3.5. Review
look again all answer to the question on no.2
2.3. The learning methods
2.3.2. S2RQAR Method
2.3.2.1. Survey
Read the text quickly
2.3.2.2. Read
Read slowly to gain understanding
2.3.2.3. Resume
Make resume or write the keywords
2.3.2.4. Questions
Make questions relevant to the resume or
keywords
2.3.2.5. Answer
Answer the questions
2.3.2.6. Rewrite
Rewrite the text with your own words
3.1. Internal Factors

3.2. External Factors

3.3. Learning Approach

3.4. Learning Methods

3.1. Internal Factors
3.1.1 Physiological Factors
2.4.1.1. Health : - Nutrition
- Relaxation
- Sport
2.4.1.2. Vision & hearing
3.1.2. Psychological Aspects
- Intelligence
- Attitude
- Talent
- Interest
- Motivation
3.1. Internal Factors
3.1.2. Psychological Aspects
- Intelligence: the ability to adapt to new situation.
and to learn from experience.
-Attitude : state of mind, behavior, or conduct
regarding some matter, as indicating
opinion or purpose.
- Talent: a particular and uncommon aptitude fore
some special work or activity.
- Interest: the power to arouse curiosity or
attentiveness.
The Reader’s Digest Great Encyclopedic Dictionary

- Motivation: is something which drives someone

to act in particular way.
(Oxford Dictionary of Current English)
3.2. External Factors
3.2.1. Social Life
1. Parent
2. Friend or Peer Group
3. Neighbor
4. Civitas academica
5. Community

3.2.2. Non-social environment

1. House: lighting and other
2. Campus: to warm
3. Learning media
4. Nature: Raining, or hot season
4.1.1. Difficult to understand

4.1.2. Forget or Memory Deviation

4.1.3. Learning Saturation

4.2.1. Difficult to understand
- Internal factor
● Physiological: not fit, or
abnormal hearing or vision
● Psychological: such as
• uninterested topic
• intelligence
• motivation ↓
- External factor
● bad learning environment
● family problems
4.1.2. Forget or Memory Deviation
- Internal factor
• Intelligence
• Interest
• Motivation
- External Factors
Social environment Non-social environment
• Community • Lighting
• Neighbor • Temperature
• Learning media
- Learning Approach
Reproductive or surface approach

- Learning Methods
4.1.3. Learning Saturation
- Internal factor
Physiological
• Unfit
Psychological
•Intelligence
• Interest
• Motivation
- External factor
Family or social problem

- Learning Approach
Reproductive or surface approach

- Learning Methods
4.3.1. Time management

4.3.2. Counseling

4.3.3. Change or Improve the learning

environment

4.3.2. Change the Learning Approach and

Method
4.4.1. Principle of Time Management
1. Identify your best time: Use your power time to learn and
your down time for routines.
2. Start with the difficult subject: fresh → information
process more quick → time saving.
3. Use distributed learning & practice: Learn in shorter
time block with short break between.
4. Make sure that your surrounding are conductive
learning environment: lighting, no noise.
5. Spare time for entertainment & relaxation:
University is more than learning. You need to have social
life, yet you need to have a balance in your life
6. Make sure you have time to sleep and eat properly
7. Try to combine activities.
Weeks Time Schedule for self-Learning

TIME MON TUES WEN THUS FRI SAT SUN

20.00-20.30

20.30-20.45

20.45-21.15

21.15-21.45

21.45-22.00

22.00-22.30

22.30-22.45
We have discuss about:
5.1. Learning Efficiency

5.2. Learning difficulties, cause & the way

to solve the problem

5.3. Time management