Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 18: Planar Kinetics of A Rigid Body: Work and Energy
Chapter 18: Planar Kinetics of A Rigid Body: Work and Energy
• Kinetic Energy
• The Work of a Force
• The Work of a Couple
• Principle of Work and Energy
• Conservation of Energy
1 2
T mvG
2
Where vG is the magnitude of
the translational velocity v at
the instant considered
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
18.1 Kinetic Energy
Rotation About a Fixed Axis
• When the rigid body is rotating about a fixed
axis passing through point O, the body has both
translational and rotational kinetic energy as
defined by
1 2 1
T mvG I G 2
2 2
1
T I O 2
2
1 2 1
T mvG IG 2
2 2
Solution
First determine ωD, ωC and vG. From the kinematics
of the disk,
vB rDD ; 0.8m / s (0.1m) D D 8 rad / s
Since the cylinder rolls without slipping, the
instantaneous center of zero velocity is at the point
of contact with the ground
Block
1
TB mB vB2 1.92 J
2
Disk
1 11
TD I D D2 mD rD2 D2 1.60 J
2 22
2 2 2 22
T TB TD TC
1.92 1.60 1.44
4.96 J
U F F r F cos ds
s
U F c ( Fc cos )s
U w Wy
1 2 1 2
U s ks2 ks1
2 2
where s2 s1
2
U M M d
1
U M M (2 1)
Couple Moment M.
• The couple moment rotates through an angle
of θ = π/2 rad. Hence,
U M 50( / 2) 78.5 J
Spring Force Fs
• When θ = 0°the spring is stretched (0.75 – 0.5) =
0.25 m, and when θ = 90°, the stretched is (2 +
0.75) – 0.5 = 2.25 m. Thus,
1 2 1 2
U s (30)(2.25) (30)(0.25) 75.0 J
2 2
• By inspection the spring does negative work on the
bar since Fs acts in the opposite direction to
displacement. This check with the result.
Total Work
• The work of all forces when the bar is displaced
is thus
T1 U12 T2
T1 0
2 1 1
T2 IO2 (30)(0.2) 2 202 120 J
1
2 2 2
T1 0
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 18.4
• The final kinetic energy may be computed with
reference to either the fixed point O or the
center of mass G.
• For the calculation, consider the pipe to be a
thin ring so that IG = mr2. If point G is
considered, we have
1 2 1
T2 m(vG ) 2 IG22
2 2
1
2
2 1
(700)(0.4)2 (700)(0.15) 2 22
2
63.87522
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 18.4
• If point O is considered then the parallel-axis
theorem must be used to determine IO. Hence,
1 1
T2 I O2 700(0.15) 2 700(0.4) 2 22
2
2
2
63.87522
T2 0.92
2
Vg W yG
• Here the potential energy is positive when is
positive, since the weight has the ability to do
positive work when the body is moved back to
the datum.
Conservation of Energy
• In general, if a body is subjected to both
gravitational and elastic forces, the total potential
energy is expressed as a potential function V
represented as the algebraic sum
V Vg Ve
• Here measurement of V depends on the location of
the body with respect to selected datum.
T1 V1 U12 )noncons T2 V2
• Here (∑U1-2)noncons represents the work of the
nonconservative forces such as friction. If this
term is zero,
T1 V1 T2 V2
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
18.5 Conservation of Energy
• This equation is referred to as the conservation
of mechanical energy.
• Its states that the sum of the potential and
kinetic energies of the body remains constant
when the body moves from one position to
another.
Kinetic Energy
• The kinetic energy of the body consists of two
parts, namely translational kinetic energy, T = ½
mvG2, and rotational kinetic energy, T = ½ IGω2
• Kinematic diagrams for velocity may be useful for
determining vG and ω for establishing a relationship
between these quantities.
Conservation of Energy
• Apply the conservation of energy equation T1 + V1 =
T2 + V2
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 18.7
1 2
V1 Wy1 ks1
2
1
98.1(0.2 sin 30 ) (800)(0.4 sin 30 ) 2
2
6.19 J
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 18.7
• When the rod is in position 2, the potential
energy of the rod is zero, since the spring is
unstretched, s2 = 0, and the center of gravity G
is located at the datum. Thus,
V2 0
Kinetic Energy
• The rod is released from rest from position 1,
thus (vG)1 = 0 and ω1 = 0, and
T1 0
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
EXAMPLE 18.7
• In position 2, the angular velocity is ω2 and the
rod’s mass center has a velocity of (vG)2. Thus,
1 1
T2 m(vG ) 2 I G22
2
2 2
1 1 1
(10)(vG ) 22 [ (10)(0.4) 2 ]22
2 2 12
• Using kinematics, (vG)2 can be related to ω2 as
shown
T2 0.26722
Potential Energy
• Two diagrams of the disk, when it
is located in its initial and final
positions, are shown
• A gravitational datum is not
needed here since the weight is
not displaced vertically.
2 2
1 1
(15)(vG ) 2 [(15)(0.18) 2 ]22
2
2 2
Potential Energy
• When the system is in position 1, the rod’s
weight has a positive potential energy. Thus,
V1 WR y1 49.05(0.3 sin 60 ) 12.74 J
V2 0
1 1 1 1
T2 mR (vG ) 2 I G (R ) 2 mD (v A ) 2 I A ( D ) 22
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
(5)[0.3( R ) 2 ] [ (5)(0.6) 2 ](R ) 22 0 0
2
2 2 12
0.3(R ) 22
( R ) 2 6.52 rad / s
1 2
T mvG
2
1 2 1 1
T mvG I G 2 or T I O 2
2 2 2
1 2 1
T mvG I G 2
2 2
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
CHAPTER REVIEW
T1 U12 T2
• Here, the kinetic energy is the sum of both its
rotational and translational parts.
T1 V1 T2 V2
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
CHAPTER REVIEW
Vg WyG
Vg WyG
1 2
Ve ks
2
©2007 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd