Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T12-L3, in
Gerota’s fascia
LOCATION OF THE KIDNEYS
• It is known as a RETROPERITONEAL
organ.
CROSS SECTION OF THE KIDNEY
• Outer renal cortex
• Inner renal medulla
• pyramids
• papilla
• columns
• collecting ducts
• Hilus
• minor calyx
• major calyx
• renal pelvis (pyelo-)
The Ureters
• 28-34 cm
Which is longer, R or L ? • renal pelvis ->
• proximal ureter (renal
artery, vein) ->
• mid ureter
(testicular/ovarian artery,
vein)
• -> distal ureter (superior
vesical artery, vein) ->
• ureterovesical (UVJ)
junction -> urinary
bladder
Sites of Ureteral Narrowing
• 1) At the ureteropelvic
junction
• 2) At the pelvic inlet
• 3) At the bladder in
the ureterovesical
junction
• Nephron
• renal corpuscle
– glomerulus
– Bowman’s capsule
• renal tubule
– Proximal convoluted
tubule (PCT)
– Loop of Henle
– Distal convoluted
tubule (DCT)
Formation of Urine
• Glomerular filtration
• Tubular reabsorption
• Tubular secretion
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)
This is called
counter-
current flow
FILTRATE FLOW
• Bowman’s capsule
• Proximal convoluted
tubule
Descending loop of
Henle
• Ascending loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting tubule
The Juxtaglomerular Complex (JG
Complex)
• Functions related to
pressure via renin
production & Na
metabolism (secondary
controls of urine volume)
Primary Regulation of Urine Volume
• ADH from
pituitary gland
(posterior lobe)
• ADH makes the
DCT &
collecting ducts
more
permeable to
H2O
Blood Pressure Regulation
The Glomerulus
• Filtration unit of the
kidney.
• Electron microscopy is
needed for diagnosis
• Main pathologic signs
are:
– proteinuria
– hypoalbuminemia
– edema
– hyperlipidemia
Principal Waste Products in the
Urine Filtrate