Presented by:-

CP0310 PARTH
CP0410 DARSHAN
CP0510 KETUL
GLOBAL WARMING…….

 An increase in the earth's

atmospheric and oceanic
temperatures widely predicted to
occur due to an increase in the
greenhouse effect resulting
especially from pollution.
 The sun’s heat gets trapped and
the Earth’s temperature rises and
the earth getting warmer.
  Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C ( 1.33 ± 0.32 °F )
during the last century.
 Certain gases are transparent to visible light but absorb infrared
1. Called “greenhouse gases”
2. Include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4)
 Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to pass through and warm the
surface
 When the Earth emits infrared, it is absorbed and reemitted
(“trapped”) by the greenhouse gases
 Without the greenhouse effect, Earth’s surface would be 30°
colder than it is

Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT…….
 The major natural greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse
effect on Earth (not including clouds); carbon dioxide CO2, which causes 9-26%; methane, which causes
4-9%.
GREENHOUSE GASES

 Water vapor
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Natural
 Methane (CH4)
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)

 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Manmade
 Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Source: Kyoto Protocol- Annexure A

NATURAL AND AMPLIFIED WARMING
GLOBAL SCENARIO OF TEMPERATURE:-
THE TIES BETWEEN SARDINES & GLOBAL
WARMING
 The over-hunting of sardines has caused higher
levels of phytoplankton in the ocean.
 While living, phytoplankton release oxygen into the
atmosphere and use Carbon for photosynthesis
 When they die, their decay releases large amounts
of methane and the poisonous gas, hydrogen
sulfide. It also uses large amounts of oxygen.
 Methane is 21 times more effective than carbon
dioxide in maintaining heat in the atmosphere.
 This results in the deaths of numerous marine
animals.
CO2 CONCENTRATION IN 2007

The 2007 rise in global carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is tied with 2005 as the third highest
since atmospheric measurements began in 1958. The red line shows the trend together with
seasonal variations. The black line indicates the trend that emerges when the seasonal cycle has
been removed. (Credit: NOAA)
RISING LEVELS OF GREENHOUSE GASES

Source: Dr L Gohar and Prof K Shine, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Reading

Source: Stern Review

Energy utilization

18% 11%
9%
5%
3%

11%
4%

39%

Fridge TV Fan Computer AC Heater/Geyser Appliances Light

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Forests

Biodiversity

Impact of rise in temperature of

1.8oC to 4oC
Agriculture

Coastlines
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

 More carbon dioxide ->

increase in plant growth.
 The increase in temperature ->
rise in sea level
from melting glaciers and
polar ice caps (adds 0.2 mm
annually)
 Rising temperatures will also
cause drier conditions in many
important agricultural regions.
WORLDWIDE GLACIAL MELTING,
CAUSING 2/3 OF SEA LEVEL RISE OF AN INCH A DECADE.
GLOBAL IMPACTS
 The largest glacier on Mount Kenya has lost 92% of its mass

 Sea levels have risen by 10 - 25 cm. The Larsen area of North Antarctic, South of Chili and
Argentina have lost more than 5,200 sq miles of area.

 The thickness of sea ice in the arctic has decreased by 40%.

 The Common Murre has advanced breeding by

24 days per decade over the past 50 years in
response to higher temperatures.
GLOBAL WARMING >>>>>> LAND ANIMALS

 Polar bears are also facing extinction due to melting of polar ice
 Global warming can disrupt the migration, hibernation and
reproductive cycles of certain types of animals.
 Farmland or cities interrupt the movement of species between
habitats.
 Due to melting of ice, life cycle of Penguins is getting disturbed,
leading to their Extinction. The penguin population near Antarctica
has been declining as the distance between them and their food has
increased.
GLOBAL WARMING >>>>>> SEA LIFE
GLOBAL WARMING’S NEGATIVE IMPACT
ON SEA LIFE—
 Change in temperature and elevated
sea level cause loss of algae in the
coral.
 Coral appears white, or “bleached.”
 Result is mass death of sea animals,
which are dependent on the coral reef.
The penguin population near Antarctica
has been declining as the distance
between them and their food has
increased.
The atmosphere’s ultimate fate is unclear.
More evaporation  increase in cloud cover

How High Will the Clouds Be? It makes a difference!

 Clouds close to the earth reflect sunlight  cooling effect.
 Clouds high in the atmosphere trap heat  warming effect.

Generally:-
 Cloud cover increases
 Levels of the greenhouse gas methane may increase
 Hurricanes range farther north, south on warmer water
EL NIÑO EFFECT

 Severe oceanic/atmospheric disturbance,

every 7-14 yrs
 Warm surface waters suppress cold,
nutrient-rich upwelling of the Humboldt
Current
  Fall in the number of plankton
 Wreaks havoc upon the entire ocean food
chain
 Devastates the fishing industry
 Complete reversal of the trade winds: torrential
rain, flooding, and mudslides to the usually dry
coastal areas of Peru and Ecuador.
CONSEQUENCES

 The consequences of
global warming are:
 more storms,
hurricanes, droughts,
floods...
 Also, the sea levels
may rise and some
habitats will disappear.
GLOBAL WARMING >>>>>> HEALTH

 Extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life (ex:

35,000 people died during heat wave in Europe, Aug‘03.)
 Warmer weather provides an ideal breeding environment for
mosquitoes. Diseases such as West Nile will be more common.
 High temperature can increase pollution of water and air, which
harms the human body.
 Global Warming increases drought which
lessens the supply of clean drinking water.
 Cholera

.
 It increases temperature providing an ideal
breeding environment for mosquitoes.
 Dengue fever
 Malaria
 Yellow fever
 Signed UNFCC on 10th June 1992

 India ratified the Kyoto protocol

 India has a National Action Plan on Climate Change

 National Solar Mission
 National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
 National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
 National Water Mission
 National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
 National Mission for a “ Green India”
 National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
 National Mission on Strategic Mission on Climate Change
 COAL
RE
TN vs India

TN
 Rajasthan- Drought
 Rann of Kutch – sea level rise
 Mumbai-Salt water intrusion
 Kerala –Productivity of Forest
 Tamil Nadu-Coral bleaching
 Ganges – Sedimentation problem
 Sunderbans-Sea level raise
 Northwest India-reduction In rice yield
 Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh
Experienced a number of crop failures in the last 15 years

 Apple belt has moved 30 kilometers [northwards] over the last 50 years

 Apple growers, says attributed poor production to reduced snowfall and its changed
timing. Forest resources were removed .
 Himalayan source of the Ganga is drying up at a rate of 40 yards a year, nearly twice as fast
as two decades ago, and that some of these glaciers might disappear by 2030.
 In the dry summer months, the Gangotri glacier provides up to 70 percent of the water of the
Ganga.
 According to a UN climate report, the shrinking glaciers also threaten Asia’s supply of fresh
water.

Source: New Indian Express

 The Satavaya region, once a cluster of seven villages.
 Only two out of the seven villages exists the other five villages have been
submerged.
 The Coastal villages have been affected by cyclone and floods killing
more than 30,000 people.
 The sea has ingressed to about 1.5 km into Satavaya and 2.5 km into
Kanakpur. Satavaya has also lost 56% of its mangrove vegetation.
“The fate of the planet that our children and
grandchildren will
inherit is in our hands, and it is our
responsibility to do
something about this crisis”….

President Clinton
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