Lab Activity Week 1

Introduction of Medical KBBK T.A 2018/2019

Terminology
Learning Objectives (Week 1)
Module 1: Medical Terminology 1- Introduction to Medical Terminology
1. Analyze unfamiliar medical terms using your knowledge of word parts.
2. Describe the steps in locating a term in a medical dictionary.
3. Define the commonly used prefixes, word roots (combining forms), and
suffixes introduced in this chapter.
4. Pronounce medical terms correctly using the “sounds like” system.
5. Recognize the importance of always spelling medical terms correctly.
6. Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the medical terms in this
chapter.
7. Identify the roles of the three types of word parts in forming medical
terms.
What is medical terminology?
• The language of medicine is a specialized vocabulary used by health
care practitioners.
• Many current medical word elements originated as early as the 1st
century B.C., when Hippocrates practiced medicine.
• With advancements in medicine, new terms have evolved to reflect
these innovations.
Basic Elements of a Medical Word
• A medical word consists of some or all of the
following elements:
• word root,
• combining form,
• suffix,
• and prefix.
• How you combine these elements, and whether
all or some of them are present in a medical
term, determines the meaning of a word.
• The purpose of learning this lab activity is to help
you identify these elements in order to construct
medical terms correctly.
Word Root
A word root contains the basic meaning of the term.
• In medical terminology, this word part usually, but not
always, indicates the involved body part.
• Most word roots are derived from Greek or Latin language
• For example:
• the word root meaning stomach is gastr.
Examples of
Woord Root
 • Gastr Stomach
• Cardi Heart
Examples of • Arthr Joint
Woord Root • Cephal Head
• Cyt Cell
• Gyne Woman
• Lingua Tongue
• Thyr Thyroid
A combining form
is a word root with a combining vowel added at the end.
• Combining vowel:
• Usually an ‘o’ and occasionally an ‘I’ , ‘e’ or ‘u’
• Can be between word roots
• Makes pronunciation easier
• Can be between word roots and a suffix
• Has no meaning of its own
• When a vowel is added to a root word, it is called a combining
form
• For example, the combining:
• stomach is gastr/o.  gastro-
• This form is used when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added
suffix
• usually, but not always, indicates the
procedure, condition, disorder, or
disease.
• A suffix always comes at the end of
the word.
• You’ll know a word part is a suffix
when it is shown with a hyphen (-)
preceding it.
• For example, the suffix : -itis means
inflammation.
Gastrodinia or Gastralgia
due to Gastropathy
NSAID (Nonsteroid
antiinflammation drug)
 prefix
• usually, but not always, indicates:
• location,
• time,
• number, or
• status.
• A prefix always comes at the beginning of a word.

Pre-natal Peri-natal Post-natal

 • All medical terms have at least one word root
• Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or
combining vowel
Some Basic • Combining vowels are used to connect word
roots or word root and suffix
Rules • When a suffix begins with a vowel, the
combining vowel is not used
• Example: arthritis
THE RULES

• A word root links a suffix that begins

Rule #1 with a vowel.

• A combining form (root _ o) links a suffix

Rule #2 that begins with a consonant.

• A combining form links a root to another

Rule #3 root to form a compound word.
Prefix + word root+suffix
Multi word roots
Reading A Medical Term

When reading a medical term and attempt to decipher it’s meaning you
:
1. Begin at the Suffix
2. Move to the Prefix (if present)
3. And then the root
 Singular Vs Plural
Guidelines to Unusual Plural Forms SIngular Plural
Guideline Singular Plural
1. If the singular term ends in the suffix -a, the plural is usually formed by changing bursa bursae
the ending to -ae. vertebra vertebrae
2. If the singular term ends in the suffix -ex or -ix, the plural is usually formed by appendix appendices
changing these endings to -ices.
index indices
3. If the singular term ends in the suffix -is, the plural is usually formed by changing
the ending to -es. diagnosis diagnoses
4. If the singular term ends in the suffix -itis, the plural is usually formed by changing metastasis metastases
the -is ending to -ides. arthritis arthritides
5. If the singular term ends in the suffix -nx, the plural is usually formed by the -x meningitis meningitides
ending to -ges. phalanx phalanges
6. If the singular term ends in the suffix -on, the plural is usually formed by changing meninx meninges
the ending to -a. criterion criteria
7. If the singular term ends in the suffix -um, the plural usually is formed by changing
ganglion ganglia
the ending to -a.
8. If the singular term ends in the suffix -us, the plural is usually formed by changing diverticulum diverticula
the ending to -i ovum ova
alveolus alveoli
malleolus malleoli
Singular Vs Plural
Mini excercise
‫آلء‬
ِ ‫آء َه ُؤ‬ ِ ‫علَى ْال َمالَئِ َك ِة فَقَا َل أَنبِئ ُونِي بِأ َ ْس َم‬ َ ‫ض ُه ْم‬ َ ‫ع َر‬ َ ‫علَّ َم َءا َد َم األ َ ْس َمآ َء ُكلَّ َها ث ُ َّم‬ َ ‫ َو‬:‫• قَا َل هللاُ تَعَالى‬
}32{ ‫نت ْالعَ ِلي ُم ْال َح ِكي ُم‬ َ ‫س ْب َحان ََك الَ ِع ْل َم لَنَآ ِإالَّ َما‬
َ َ ‫علَّ ْمتَنَا ِإنَّ َك أ‬ ُ ‫} قَالُوا‬31{ ‫ين‬ َ ‫صا ِد ِق‬ َ ‫ِإن ُكنتُم‬
‫ت‬
ِ ‫س َم َاوا‬َّ ‫ب ال‬ َ ‫غ ْي‬َ ‫قَا َل يَآ َءا َد ُم أَن ِبئْ ُهم ِبأ َ ْس َمآئِ ِه ْم فَلَ َّمآ أَنبَأ َ ُه ْم ِبأ َ ْس َمآئِ ِه ْم قَا َل أَلَ ْم أَقُل لَّ ُك ْم ِإنِي أ َ ْعلَ ُم‬
}33{‫ون‬ َ ‫ض َوأ َ ْعلَ ُم َما ت ُ ْبد‬
َ ‫ُون َو َما ُكنت ُ ْم ت َ ْكت ُ ُم‬ ِ ‫َواأل َ ْر‬
• “Dan Dia mengajarkan kepada Adam nama-nama (benda-benda)
seluruhnya, kemudian mengemukakannya kepada para Malaikat lalu
berfirman:"Sebutkanlah kepada-Ku nama benda-benda itu jika
memang kamu orang yang benar!", [31] Mereka menjawab:"Maha
Suci Engkau, tidak ada yang kami ketahui selain apa yang telah
Engkau ajarkan kepada kami; sesungguhnya Engkaulah Yang Maha
Mengetahui lagi Maha Bijaksana. [32] Allah berfirman:"Hai Adam,
beritahukan kepada mereka nama-nama benda ini". Maka setelah
diberitahukannya nama-nama benda itu, Allah berfirman:"Bukankah
sudah Kukatakan kepadamu, bahwa sesungguhnya Aku mengetahui
rahasia langit dan bumi dan mengetahui apa yang kamu lahirkan dan
apa yang kamu sembunyikan [33]”.
Hatur Nuhun