SAP - Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

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 Process-Based Enterprise Logic

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 Data Flow Logic

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 Procurement Process Example

 In the procurement process, there may be different business

partners for different roles in the transaction. These partner roles
are defined in vendor master data

Ordering Invoice
Address Presented
By

Vendor

Goods Payment
Supplier Received
By
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 Procurement Process

Customer Vendor

Purchase Purchase
Internal
Requisition Order
Demand

Goods
Receipt

Invoice
Receipt
Pay
Invoice

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 Material Master Data

 An advantage of the SAP system is that it maintains one set of

data in real time. Material data is used by many functional areas.
 With non-integrated systems, each system may contain material
data, and this data is not always consistent. In the SAP system,
the data is consistently correct or incorrect.
 Material Master data is organized by Views. Depending on the
type of material, only certain views need to be used. As the
system is configured, additional views can be added as
necessary.

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 Material Master Views

 Basic Data 1 • General Plant Data/Storage 1

 Basic Data 2 • General Plant Data/Storage 2
 Classification • Warehouse Management 1
 Sales: Sales Org Data 1 • Warehouse Management 2
 Sales: Sales Org Data 2 • Quality Management
 Sales: General/Plant Data
• Accounting 1
 Foreign Trade: Export Data
• Accounting 2
 Sales Text
 Purchasing • Costing 1
 MRP 1 • Costing 2
 MRP 2
Basic Data, Classification are
 MRP 3
not plant-specific
 MRP 4
Other views are plant-specific
 Forecasting
 Work Scheduling
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 Material Master Views

Basic NRG-A Bars

Data Base unit: CS
Gross wt: 72 lb.
View
Non-plant specific
Plant specific

Plant 1000 Plant 2000

NRG-A Bars MRP NRG-A Bars
Lead Time: 2 days Views Lead Time: 3 days
Std. Price: 216.80 Std. Price: 223.20

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 Purchasing Process

 Create Purchase Requisition

 Where analysis/vendor selection occurs
 Create Purchase Order from Requisition
 Requisition items can be used to generate multiple purchase orders
 Create Goods Receipt
 Create Invoice Receipt
 Post Outgoing Payment

 Unfortunately, there is no purchasing “document flow” (BT: why not?  )

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 Sales & Credit Management Example

 Credit Management is a cross-functional activity between SD and FI

SD C
R FI
E
D
Sales I FI
People T People
want to want to
sell reduce
risk
Credit is an independent function
in the SAP R/3 system
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 Credit/Risk Process

Credit Management SD, FI

Cust: Health Express Order: 5923

Risk: Medium Order Amount: $5,000
Credit Limit: $10,000
Credit Limit Exceeded
Ttl. Commit: $6,000
Block order
E-mail to credit rep. (opt.)
Blocked document list
or E-mail (opt.)

Review situation Pick, pack & ship order

Release order Bill Customer

Credit control (blocks) can be applied at order entry,

delivery creation or goods issue
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 Static vs. Dynamic Checks

Open Credit Limit Open

order order
Open Open
order order
Open Open
order order
Open Open Dynamic Check
delivery value delivery value
Receivables Receivables

Static Check Credit Horizon

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 Decentralized Credit Management

Credit Control Area 1 Credit Control Area 2

Company Code 1 Company Code 2

Sales Org.1 Sales Org.2

Health Express Health Express

Limit: $50,000 Limit: $100,000

 Each company code sets and monitors a credit limit independently

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 Centralized Credit Management

Credit Control Area 1

Company Code 1 Company Code 2

Sales Org.1 Sales Org.2

Health Express Health Express

Limit: $150,000

 Transactions with each company code apply to the single credit limit set for the
single credit control area

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 Exchange Rates

Credit Control Area 1

Currency: USD
Company Code 1 Company Code 2
Currency: USD Currency: EU

Sales Org.1 Sales Org.2

Health Express Health Express

Limit: $150,000

 Receivables for Company Code 2 are converted from Euros to US Dollars when
credit is checked

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 Automatic Credit Control

 Determine points at which credit check is carried out (order creation, delivery
creation or goods issue)
 Determine type of check
 Based on:
 Credit control area
 Risk category
 Document (credit group)

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 Automatic Credit Control

Sales
organization

Company Transaction
Customer
Code Type

Credit Risk
Credit group
Control Area Category

As of release 4.0, Credit

control area can also be
Determined via:
When Credit is Checked
user exits Why Credit is Checked
payer
sales area
What the system does (warning, error)
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