ATOMIC STRUCTURE

BY
YUNIAR PRIHANTI

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The Porpose

 The students are able to determine

number of proton, neutron, and electron
in the atom.
 The students are able to determine
isotopes, isotones and isobars.
 The students are able to determine
electron configuration from the atom.

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Concept Map
A to m

A to m

A t o m ic S h e ll A t o m ic N u c le u s

P ro to n N e u tro n
E le c t r o n

A t o m ic N u m b e r M ass N um ber
E le c t r o n c o n f ig u r a t io n
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Discovery of subatomic
particles
 Electron by J.J. Thomson
 Proton by Goldstein
 Neutron by J. Chadwick

Discovery of neutron is started from

Rutherford experiment.

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 Atom is composed by sub
atomic particles, those are
electrons, proton and neutrons.

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 The characteristic of sub
atomic particles
particles Symbol Mass Mass Charge
(g) ( sma )
proton p 1,6726231 1 +1
X10 -24
electron e 9,1093897 1/1840 -1
x10 -28
neutron n 1,6724927 1 netral
16 x 10 -24

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The symbol of atom
 The atom of an element is usually expressed
by the notation
A
X
Z
Where :
X : the name of atom = element symbol
A : mass number of atom
Z : atomic number = number of proton

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Mass of an atom is only determine
by proton and neutrons mass,
because mass of electron are far
lesser compared to that of protons
and neutron.
 A = p + n

Because p = z, then
A = z + n or n = A - Z

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 A neutral atom can obtain extra electron
or loss electron.
 Atom which gets extra electron will have
negative charge ( negative ion ).
 Atom that losses electron will have
positive charge ( positive ion ).
 Number of protons and neutrons doesn’t
change though the atom gets or losser
electron.

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Example
 Determine number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons for
a. 23 Na p = 11, e = 11, n = 12
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b. 23 Na + p = 11, e = 10, n = 12
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ISOTOPES, ISOTONES AND ISOBARS
 Isotopes
Example : 12 C and 13 C
6 6

 Isotones
Example : 13 C and 14 N
6 7
n = 13 – 6 = 7 n = 14 – 7 = 7

 Isobars
Example : 14 N and 14 C
7 6

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 Explainthe difference among
isotopes, isotones, and
isobars

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Exercise
1. Please determine number of protons, electrons
and neutron from atom or ion as follow :
16 O , 40 Ca+2 , 35 Cl – , 39 K

8 20 17 20
2. Please show the pair that becomes isotopes,
isotones and isobars based on the following
isotopes.
16 O , 14 N , 18 O, 1 H , 3 H , 13 C , 14 C

8 7 8 1 1 6 6

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3. Ion X 3+ mempunyai 10 elektron
dan 14 neutron. Berapakah nomor
atom unsur X ?
4. Ion X 2- mempunyai 10 elektron
dan 8 neutron. Berapakah nomor
massa unsur X ?

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