PIDGIN AND CREOLES

BY:
Ahmed Al Afif TE.151534
Alyssa Ayuningtyas TE.151539
Anil Fajri TE.151541
Astari Maylani TE.151547
Depi Andesih TE.151553
Ella Hayati TE.151560
 INTRODUCTION
• When two or more people from different
languages meet and tried to communicate,
what should they do ?
 ANSWER
1. Use a third language (Lingua Franca)
2. Mix the two languages (Pidgin /Creole)
 Lingua Language Z used
Franca for communication

Language X and
Y are used
successively

Pidgin Language X and

Y are mixed
 LINGUA FRANCA
• A lingua franca is a language which is
used habitually by people whose mother
tongues are different in order to facilitate
communication between them.
• Other terms that are used to refer to
Lingua francas:
– A trade language e.g., Swahili in East Africa.
– A contact language e.g., Greek koine.
– An international language e.g., English.
– An auxiliary language e.g., Esperanto.
– A mixed language .e.g., Mitchif in Canada.
• English – lingua franca:
– Spoken in many countries as a native
language .
– Spoken as a second language in other
countries e.g., India and the Philippines.
• Other languages – lingua francas:
– Many Languages throughout the history
served as lingua franca:
• Chinese
• French
• Arabic
• Chinook Jargon ( American Indian)
• We can conclude that mainly political and
economical power defines the Lingua
Franca.
 PIDGIN
Origin:
• Assumed to be coming from a Chinese
attempt to pronounce the English word
business during trades in the Far East.
• Historically, pidgins arose in colonial
situations where the representatives of the
particular colonial power, officials,
tradesmen, sailors, etc., came in contact
with natives
Definition:
• A pidgin or contact language is a restricted
and extended language which arises with an
urgency of communication to serve specific
needs between social groups that are
ethnically and linguistically different from
each other .
• One of these groups is in a more dominant
position than the other; the less dominant
group is the one which develops the pidgin.
Pidginization:
• Is a complex combination of different
processes of change, including reduction
and simplification of input materials
,internal innovation, and regularization of
structure, with L1 influence also playing
role.
Characteristics of pidgin language:
• No native speakers yet .
• Spoken by millions as means of communication .
• Not used as a means of group identification.
• A product of multilingual – 3 languages – one is
dominant. The dominant language →superior
because of economical or social factor.
• Two languages involved → a power struggle for
dominance.
• The dominant group – more vocabulary (lexifier –
superstrate) ,while the less dominant languages –
grammar (substrate).
• Main function –trading.
 CREOLES
• Origin:
An adaptation of the Castilian Spanish
criollo (home, local) from Portuguese criar
(to rear, to bring up), from Latin creo ("to
create").
• Definition:
A creole is a pidgin that has become
the first language of a new generation of
speakers.
• Creolization:
Is a process where a pidgin expanded
in structure and vocabulary in order to
express the range of meanings and serve
the range of functions required of a first
language.
Characteristics of Creoles
• Pidgins adopted as the native language.
• Nativization is when pidgin passed onto new
generations and became a mother tongue
which is acquired by children.
• Often classified as English/French/Spanish…
based
• Speech becomes faster
• Expansion of morphology and syntax.
• Expansion of phonology.
• Expansion of the lexicon.
 THE DIFFERENCES
PIDGIN CREOLES
• not as a mother tongue • as the mother tongue
• used in certain domains • used across domains
• limited vocabulary • wider vocabulary
• does not have native • has a native speaker
speakers