MATH IV Mathematical models

MODULE 1 The rectangular coordinate

system and straight line
TOPIC 1. RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM
Analytic geometry = geometry + algebra
Represent geometric figures with an equation.
René Descartes (1596-1650)  rectangular coordinate system (Cartesian
coordinate system).
1.1 THE CARTESIAN PLANE AND PLOTTING
COORDINATES
The Cartesian plane is formed by using two real number lines intersecting at right
angles.
EXAMPLE 1. PLOTTING POINTS IN THE CARTESIAN
PLANE
Plot the points (–1, 3), (2, 4), (0, 0), (4,-2), and (–2, –4)
1.2 DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS AND FINDING
THE AREA OF A TRIANGLE GIVEN ITS VERTICES
Pythagorean Theorem
DISTANCE FORMULA
Pythagorean Theorem related to points in plane:

The distance ”d” between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in the plane is:
EXAMPLE 2.
1. Obtain the distance of each side of the
triangle.
2. Check if the Pythagorean Theorem
satisfies the triangle.
3. Calculate the area of the triangle.
EXAMPLE 3.
Determine the area of the triangle with
vertices (0, 0), (3, 2) and (3,5).
1.3 MIDPOINT OF A LINE SEGMENT
Find the average values of the respective coordinates of the two end points using
the midpoint formula.

The midpoint of a line segment joining points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by the
midpoint formula as:
EXAMPLE 4. APPLICATION
A football quarterback throws a pass
from the 30-yard line, 40 yards from
the sideline. The pass is caught by a
wide receiver on the 90-yard line, 10
yards from the same sideline. How long
is the pass?
TOPIC 2. THE LINE AND ITS SLOPE