 Kinesiology-the study of

human movement

 Brings together
anatomy, physiology,
biomechanics, physics,
and geometry as they
relate to the human
bodies movement.
 Biomechanics-mechanical principles that
relate directly to the human body.

 Canbe static(nonmoving) or
dynamic(moving) activities.
 Types of Kinesiology:
 Applied Kinesiology:
It has to do with muscle tone. It is a technique in
alternative medicine claimed to be able to diagnose
illness or choose treatment by testing muscles for
strength and weakness
 Special Kinesiology:
Studies interrelations between individual
segments.
 Clinical Kinesiology:
Consists of functional anatomy and physiotherapy
• Functional Anatomy:
Deals with joints, bones, Ligaments, basic
movements and muscles.
 Biomechanics is the study of the structure and
function of biological systems by means of the
methods of mechanics.
OR
 The application of mechanics to the living human
body is called biomechanics.
 Mechanics:
a branch of physical science that deals with energy
and forces and their effect on human bodies.
Mechanics may be further subdivided into:
 Statics:
Statics is concerned with bodies at rest or in
uniform motion.
 Dynamics:
Dynamics is concerned with bodies that are
accelerating or decelerating.
Dynamic systems can be divided into kinetics
and kinematics.
Kinetics:
Kinetics are those forces causing movement.
e.g. muscles, gravity
 Kinematics:
Kinematics is the science of the motion of
bodies in space. e.g. type, location, direction, planes
of movement. It includes time, space and mass
aspects of a moving object.
 Kinematics is further divided into:
 Arthrokinematics:
Arthrokinematics addresses the movements
occurring between joint surfaces.
Joint play movements


 Types of Arthrokinematics:
Rolling
Sliding
Spinning
Traction
Compression
 Osteokinematics:
Osteokinematics is concerned with the
movements of the bones.
Physiological movements
 Rotatorymotion/angular motion
 Linear motion/translatory motion
Joint Movements
Occurs around joint axis and through planes
cardinals planes
1. Coronal /frontal
2. Sagittal
3. Transverse
 Front and back
 Movements occur in x-y plane
 Sagittal /A-P axis
 Abduction and adduction
 Left and right
 Movements occur in Y-Z plane
 Flexion and extension
 Frontal/coronal axis
 Upper and lower
 Movements occurs in X-Z plane
 Medial and lateral rotation
 Vertical axis
 Force is an agent that tends to produce
change in the state of rest or motion of an
object. Force is vector.
 Contact force:
A push, a pull or a twist
 Non contact force:
gravity, attraction and repulsion
 Force = Mass x Acceleration
 Mass:
quantity of matter of an object.
 Acceleration :
rate of change of velocity, e.g. m/s
 Velocity:
refers to how fast an object moves in
particular direction, e.g. m/s
 Weight:
type of force and effects of earth’s
gravitational force on a body
W=m g
 Displacement:
How far the object moves. Amount of
movement
unit : metres
 Speed:
refers to how fast an object travels.
 SirIsaac Newton was a famous seventeenth-
century scientist who developed three laws
to explain the relationship between the
forces acting on a body and the motion of a
body.
  “A body continues in its state of rest or uniform
motion unless an unbalanced force acts upon it“
 So what does this mean?
 A body will remain at rest or will continue
moving (in the same direction) until another
force acts on it
 Inertia is…
 a body’s tendency to remain at rest or in motion.
The more mass an object has, the larger its
inertia is. Therefore is more reluctant to change
its state of motion.
 Who has more inertia
in this image?
 ‘The acceleration of an object is directly proportional
to the force causing it, is in the same direction as the
force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the
object’
 This means…
 When a force is applied to an object it will move in the
direction the force was applied, and, depending on the
size of the force and the size of the object, the object
will accelerate accordingly
A smaller object will move faster than a
larger object.
 A greater force will move an object faster
than a smaller force
 ‘Whenever a force is applied there is an equal
and opposite reaction’
 e.g. Jumping
 If a person exerts a force onto
the ground in order to push off, the
ground will exert an equal and opposite
force on the person, pushing them up
into the air