BEIDOU

NAVIGATION
SATELLITE
SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
RICHARD STANLEY
 ABOUT BEIDOU

• BeiDou Navigation Satellite System is called BeiDou System for short, with the abbreviation as BDS
• As of March 2018, 15 satellites are operational: 6 in geostationary orbits (GEO), 6 in 55-degree inclined
geosynchronous orbits (IGSO) and 3 in Medium Earth orbits (MEO). Furthermore, 13 satellites (11 in
Medium Earth orbit and 2 in inclined geosynchronous orbit) are undergoing testing or commissioning.
The full constellation is scheduled to comprise 35 satellites.
• provides all-time, all-weather and high-accuracy positioning, navigation and timing services to global
users. Beidou is the name of the parts of the great bear constellation in ancient China, which is used as
the identification direction in ancient times. Now it merges the latest scientific and technological
achievements of mankind, and gives a new connotation to "Beidou".
SYSTEM OVERVIEW

• The construction of the Beidou system was

divided into three stages. At the end of 2000,
the BD-1 system was built to provide services
to China.
• At the end of 2012, the BD-2 system was built
to provide services to the Asia-Pacific region,
and around 2020, the BD-3 system will be
built to provide services to the world.
• BeiDou will deliver two types of global and
two types of regional services. Global
services are open and authorized services. BD1 BD2 BD3
Regional services are wide area differential
and short message services.
SYSTEM COMPOSITION
• Usually to any satellite system there are
always 3 segments: The space segment, the
ground segment & the user segment.
• The space segment. The BDS space segment
is a hybrid navigation constellation consisting
of GEO, IGSO and MEO satellites.
• The basic constellation of BD-2 is
5GEO+5IGSO+4MEO.
• BD-3 is composed of 3GEO+3IGSO+24MEO
constellation, which has communication
capability between satellites and satellites, The space segment of beidou system [3]
and can operate independently without
ground station support.
• The ground segment. The BDS ground
segment consists of various ground
stations, including master control
stations, time synchronization/uplink
stations, and monitoring stations.
• The user segment. The BDS user The user segment e.g. Nav system in cars, ships etc[3]
segment consists of various kinds of
BDS terminals, chips, modules and
antennae, as well as application
systems and application services.

The Ground segment which includes the antennas and

other devices [3]
 TYPES OF
SATELLITES
ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM(BDGAS)

BeiDou Ground based Global Augmentation System

 FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

• Provide open services free of charge for users.

• Maintain and enhance the system, and improve service performance continuously, and offer services
with higher quality.
• Release open service performance specifications and related system documents on schedule, bring the
function of government and market to full play, promote innovation, popularization and
internationalization of BDS/GNSS applications, and lay foundation for the national strategic emerging
industries.
• Adhere to the concept of development and win-win cooperation, realize compatibility and
interoperability between BDS and other GNSS, give the system efficiency into full play and increase
users’ benefits.
 SIGNAL &
PERFORMANCE
• BD-2 provides B1I, B2I and B3I three public service
signals in the three frequency bands of B1, B2 and
B3. The center frequency of B1 band is
1561.098MHz, B2 is 1207.140MHz, B3 is
1268.520MHz.
• BD-3 provides B1I, B1C, B2a and B3I four public
service signals in the three frequency bands of B1, B2
and B3. The center frequency of B1 band is
1575.420MHz, B2 is 1176.450MHz, B3 is
1268.520MHz.
• The performance services of the BD-2 system cover
an area extending 55°S-55°N and 55°E-180°E, with
positioning accuracy less than 10 meters, velocity
measurement accuracy less than 0.2 meter per
second, and timing accuracy less than 50
nanoseconds.
• BD-3 will provide global coverage with space signal
accuracy less than 0.5 meters, and the design
indicators of space signal continuity, integrity and
usability are all at the top level in the world.[3]
Service Area mapped from real time [3]
 REFERENCE & TIME SYSTEM

• REFERENCE SYSTEM: BeiDou satellites motion parameters are GEODETIC CONSTANTS AND PARAMETERS OF EARTH
transmitted in CGCS2000 (the China Geodetic Coordinate
System 2000). Its origin is the center of mass of the whole ELLIPSOID CGCS2000
Earth. Its Z-axis directs from the origin to the reference pole of
the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS Reference Pole).
Its X-axis directs from the origin to the intersection between Semi-major axis, a, m 6378137,0
IERS Reference meridian and the plane perpendicular to Z-axis.
Its Y-axis completes a right-handed, Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Geocentric gravitational constant (Mass of 398600,4418
(ECEF) orthogonal coordinate system. Earth’s atmosphere included), м3/с2 * 109
• The Chinese Universal Global Time is defined as a BeiDou 7,2921150 *
system timescale based on the atomic frequency standard set Angular velocity of the Earth ω, rad/s
maintained in the System Control Center in Bejing. BeiDou
10-5
System Time (BDT) is a continuous time scale steered to UTC 1/298,25722
reference with 100 ns offset. BDT origin is 0:00 of January 1st, Flattening factor
2006. BDT-GPS and BDT-GST offsets are being measured and 2101
broadcast. BDT-GLONASS Time offset broadcast is also
anticipated.
BASIC INFORMATION OF SATELLITES

Currently operating/testing satellites [3]

COVERAGE

• AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE LEFT THE

IMAGE SHOWS HOW MANY
COUNTRIES AND CONTINENTS THE
BDS COVERS AT THE MOMENT.[3]
GDOP (GEOMETRIC DILUTION OF
PRECISION)
• The concept of dilution of precision (DOP) originated with
users of the Loran-C navigation system. The idea of Geometric
DOP is to state how errors in the measurement will affect the
final state estimation. This can be defined as:
• GDOP=(CHANGE IN OUTPUT LOCATION)/(Measured data).
• Conceptually you can geometrically imagine errors on a
measurement resulting in the (measured data) term changing.
Ideally small changes in the measured data will not result in
large changes in output location, as such a result would
indicate the solution is very sensitive to errors. The
interpretation of this formula is shown in the figure to the
right, showing two possible scenarios with acceptable and
poor GDOP.[1]
EPHEMERIS
ALMANAC
 DEVELOPMENT PLAN

• 2014: Evaluation of BDS augmentation performance.

• 2014-2015: Participate in dual frequency multi-constellation SBAS standard establishment through
ICAO, IWG etc.
• 2018: Launch the first BDSBAS GEO satellite.
• 2020: Finish the launch of 3 GEOs. Start to provide dual frequency multi-constellation SBAS service for
China and surrounding areas users.
• 2025: Provide augmentation services for users in larger areas through international cooperation.
 APPLICATIONS AND PROMOTION

• Carry out all-round R&D and industrialization of new generation BDS/GNSS fundamental products,
improve the core strength (e.g. service performance, power consumption, physical dimensions, cost) so
as to promote the mass market applications of hundred-million units.
• Bring GNSS in the integration procedure between industrialization and IT applications, integrate GNSS
with the national policies (the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, Beijing-
Tianjin-Hebei Integration, Yangtze River Economic Belt), push forward applications. Accelerate the
legislation process of “Legal Rules of BeiDou Navigation”， bring BeiDou into the national information
security system, establish a legal environment for BeiDou construction, circulation and application
promotion.
• Construct ecologic system for BeiDou applications and services; promote the innovation of BeiDou
applications according to “Four Combination” with the network, the data, the terminal and the capital.
 CONCLUSION

• Perception is the foundation of intelligence, and the intelligent demand leads the development of
perception.
• Time and space information are the basic needs that people born with and lead our perception all the
time and make our life more intelligent.
• Satellite navigation system enables a revolutionary change of the perception of time and space
information, and accelerates the arrival of the intelligent era.
• BDS will play a major role in terms of promoting the development of the intelligent time.
• • BeiDou appreciates your attention and support.
 REFERENCES

• [1] https://www.glonass-iac.ru/en/guide/beidou.php
• [2] http://www.beidou.gov.cn/
• [3] http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/index

image courtesy
• [1] https://technode.com/2013/06/04/beidou-the-chinese-navigation-satellite-system-looks-better-
than-gps/
• [2] http://www.csno-tarc.cn/system/basicinfo&ce=english