FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF GEOINFORMATION

SGHG 4913 ADVANCE SPATIAL DATA MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT 2:
BATHYMETRIC MAPPING

PREPARED BY:
SALWA NAJLAA BINTI MOHAMAD ALI
A16GH0131

LECTURER NAME:
DR ZAMRI BIN ISMAIL
INTRODUCTION

Bathymetry is the study about the hydrography where measure the physical highlights
of water body. It also studies about the depth of underwater and constitute the main source of
information on the morphology of the ocean floor and also measure the height from water
bed to the water surface (sounding). The depth of underwater is measured by the time it takes
for the beam sound to travel from a sounder to the seafloor and the reflected back to the
sounder which informs the equipment the distance to the seafloor.

There are two methods which are usually used in hydrographic survey which is single
beam echo sounder system and multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) system. Single beam echo
sounder system needs a single line profiles of water depth of ocean floor as the vessel travel
through the survey line. Data gathered are typically heave compensated before processed the
tidal effects. The prepared soundings will be contoured and plotted as hydrographic outlines.
Multi-beam echo sounder (MBES) system get an area of bathymetry sounding over the vessel
travel path. When all is said in done, data collected will be de-spiked, revised for vessel
heading, movement and tides, the information will at that point be grided and changed over
into DTM (Digital Terrain Model), which can be outlined on the software.

Bathymetric maps are typically compiled employing a multibeam measuring

system mounted beneath or over the side of an enquiry vessel. The measuring system features
tens of narrow adjacent beams arranged in a very fan-like swath 90°–180° across. The beams
update over and over a second, allowing a good coverage of the seafloor and generating
bathymetric maps and digital elevation models (DEMs) that may have a horizontal resolution
of just some centimetres. The bathymetry data are controlled by the National Hydrographic
Centre (NHC) of the Royal Malaysian Navy.

So, from the bathymetric data, there are many importance such as the nautical chart
that get from the bathymetric data can be a guide mariner much as road map guide, ensuring
safe and efficient maritime transport. Bathymetric maps are progressively significant as
researchers become familiar with the impacts of environmental change on the earth.
Bathymetric overviews can make researchers aware of continuous and potential sea shore
disintegration, ocean level ascent, and subsidence (land sinking). Researchers likewise utilize
bathymetric information to make hydrodynamic models. Bathymetry is a key component of
natural oceanography. The depth and characteristics of the seabed characterize the living
space for benthic (base dwelling) life forms, and are key parameters of marine biological
systems. Researchers utilize high resolution bathymetry to help figure out where fish and
other ocean life will take care of, live, and breed.

Bathymetry is under the hydrography element in the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).
So, bathymetry data are as part of Marine SDI.

AIM

To produce a bathymetric map of Federal Territory of Labuan in two different

coordinate system which are in BRSO and WGS84.

OBJECTIVES

1. To transform the data to the different coordinate system.

2. To generate a bathymetric map that are show the depth of water.
3. To append the bathymetric map to the TIN surface model of Federal Territory of
Labuan
4. To assign the features and attribute code of the map layer according to MS1759
guidelines.

METHODOLOGY
WGS84

1. Add the data (contour.shp).

2. To create a TIN from the shapefile of contour, search TIN and choose “Create TIN
(3D Analyst)”.

3. The Create TIN window will pop up, fill all the detail to create TIN. Choose
“GDM_2000_BRSO_East_Malaysia” in the coordinate system. Then click OK

4. The result of TIN will be produced.

5. Add the image of Bathymetric Data

6. Do a georeferencing of the image. 5 GCP is used in this georeferencing. The RMSE

of the georeferencing is 0.000140159
7. Then, digitize the point of elevation in point features. Before that, create a new
shapefile.

8. In the attribute table, add field (Depth) – Precision: 11, scale: 0 and type: double.
Then, can start editing.

9. Create IDW.
10. To create the IDW, fill all the detail.

11. The result will be produced.

12. After that, produced a contour. Choose “Contour (3D Analyst)”.

13. The contour tool window will pop up and fill the detail. Contour interval: 5

14. The result will produced.

BRSO

1. Add new data frame. Name the new data frame: BRSO

2. Add the image that are already georeferencing. RMSE: 0.000140159

3. Add the data: Contour and Height (from WGS data frame)
4. Before transform the data to BRSO, create custom geographic transformation.
Name: MRT to GDM2000
Input Geographic Coordinate System: WGS 1984
Output Geographic Coordinate System: BRSO
Method: Coordinate_Frame
Fill the parameter.

5. The, project the depth. Fill the detail. Output: BRSO.

6. The result will be produced.

7. Create the IDW. Choose “IDW (3D Analyst). Fill all the detail

8. The result will produce.

9. Then, create contour. Choose “Contour (3D Analyst)”. Fill all the detail. Contour
interval: 5
10. The result will produce.
RESULTS
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

In this assignment, bathymetry map needs to produce in two different coordinate

systemwhichreWGS84and BRSO. The coordinate system WGS84 is in decimal degree while
BRSO in meter. To transform the coordinate system BRSO, the custom geographic
transformation needs to create with the specific parameter. All the map layer needs to
conform toMS1759 features and attributes code such as:

1. IDW
Features code: HG0060
2. Contour
Features code: RA0010
Attribute code: CLV (Contour Line Value)
3. TIN
Features code: XA0040
4. Point of depth
Features code: HG0050
Attribute code: DPT (depth)

The example of attribute code of RA0010 (CLV) and HG0050 (DPT)in WGS84

The example of attribute code of RA0010 (CLV) and HG0050 (DPT)in BRSO

The conclusion is all the objective of this is assignment are achieved.

Bathymetric map are essential to the mariners.