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Full Assignment 3 - Gced - Learning Skills For Open Distance

Learners
Business marketing (Open Universiteit)

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PROGRAM : VARIOUS

SEMESTER 1 / 2019

COURSE CODE: OUMH1103

COURSE TITLE: LEARNING SKILLS FOR OPEN DISTANCE LEARNERS

NAME SYED NAZIR BIN MOHAMED SULTAN (LEADER)

MATRICULATION NO. 720319075377001

NAME NURUL HUSNA BINTI ABDUL RAHIM

MATRICULATION NO. 971215435178001

NAME ESWARAN A/L MURUGESAN

MATRICULATION NO. 950714105541001

NAME THARVIN VIKNESVARAN

MATRICULATION NO. 98051015803001

NAME IZZUDDIN BIN MOHD NASIR

MATRICULATION NO. 98061905271001

LEARNING CENTRE : BANGI

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
NO.

TASK A
How has Global Citizenship Education (GCED) benefited the society 3
in..... resolving deforestation

TASK B
1/ Infographics of the 3 conceptual 5
dimensions............................................. (cognitive, socio-emotional and
behavioural skills) of GCED 7
2/ Infographics of
deforestation......................................................................

TASK C
1/ Video narration on the 3 conceptual 9
dimensions........................................ 10
2/ Video narration on
deforestation................................................................

TASK D
1/ 11
Introduction................................................................................................. 11
2/ Main 13
content............................................................................................... 14
3/ 15
Conclusion..................................................................................................
4/ Self
reflection..............................................................................................
4a/ Self reflection by Syed
Nazir...................................................................
4b/ Self reflection by Nurul Husna
4c/ Self reflection by Tharvin
4d/ Self reflection by Eswaran
4e/ Self reflection by Izzuddin

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TASK A

HOW HAS GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION (GCED) BENEFITED THE

SOCIETY IN RESOLVING DEFORESTATION

Global Citizenship Education (GCED) is a concept initiated by UNESCO to empower

children with the knowledge and understanding to act responsibly and effectively in the
aim of creating and managing a more just, peaceful, inclusive and sustainable future, the
details of which can be found in UNESDOC: Global Citizenship Education: Topics and
Learning Objectives.

The document details the erection of a conceptual framework which arms educators
to lead children in participating and contributing to matters at all levels by integrating
GCED into national educational policies. This is in the hope to ultimately achieve all 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. https://en.unesco.org/sdgs

One of the main subjects UNESCO is attempting to eradicate with GCED is the
deterioration of our environment due to deforestation. This topic is featured in SDG #15
titled ‘Life on Land’. In short, it examines the ways to protect and restore the ecosystem,
to manage forests and to combat desertification.

Deforestation is the major cause of loss of wildlife habitat, extinction of flora and
fauna and the loss of income and livelihood for many indigenous people who rely on the
forests for survival. Fortunately, with GCED awareness, many organizations have
implemented a ‘No Paper Policy’ helping in reducing the rate of deforestation. Schools
organize field trips to forest reserves and national parks to instil the love for the nature
and to reinforce the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). Concerned citizens who’re trigger
happy with their smart phone cameras alert the authorities to take actions on illegal
loggers and poachers.

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Though Earth may be “getting very, very close to crossing tipping points that it won’t
be able to get back from” (Dr.Steffen, W), we should not give up the fight for a better
future. GCED has served much in environmental awareness among us, yet there is still
much to be done to save this world we call home.

References
Dr. Steffen,W.(2019). Ecosperity Conference, Singapore (www.todayonline.com).

UNESDOC: Global Citizenship Education: Topics and Learning Objectives

https://en.unesco.org/sdgs

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TASK B

1/ INFOGRAPHICS OF THE 3 CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS (COGNITIVE,

SOCIO-EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SKILLS) OF GCED

Figure 1; Infograph on the 3 conceptual dimensions

It is the intention of this essay to give the reader a better understanding of the conceptual
dimensions of GCED. There are three of them. They are cognitive, socio-emotional and
behavioral.
"Cognition" is a term many psychologists used throughout their research. The word
cognition is referred to mental activities that involve either receiving information, storing
information, or either using information. While conception is the first step in social
cognition, attention is generally examined as the first step in perception. One of the most
familiar, yet most dynamic, metaphors for considerate attention is that it operates as
something affiliated to “spotlight” (Derryberry & Tucker, 1994)

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Both the behavioral and cognitive theory believe that reinforcement is important in
learning but for different reasons. The behaviorist suggests that reinforcement strengthens
responses but cognitive suggest that reinforcement is a source of feedback about what is
likely to happen if behaviors are repeated or changed. In the behaviorist approach, they
believed that individuals have no free will, and that the environment an individual is
place in determines their behavior. They believe that individuals are born with a clean
slate and that behaviors can be learned from the environment. The learning theories from
the behaviorists Pavlov, Guthrie and Thorndike have historical importance on learning.
Although they may differ each theory has its own process of forming associations
between stimuli and responses.
Socio-emotional a feeling or affect that is characterized by behavior that expresses or
reflects that feeling or affect. The purpose or emotions are to signal other about how want
feels, regulating one’s own emotions and emotional expression. Emotional display rules
help determine appropriateness. These competencies provide the foundation for
maintaining high-quality socio-emotional for responding to the challenges of life. Such as
How can I better understand other people's thoughts and feelings? How can I better
understand why people feel and think the way they do?

References
Derryberry, D., Tucker, DM. 1994. Motivating the Focus of Attention
Schindler, L., Burkholder, G., Morad, O., Marsh, C. (December 2017). International
Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education; Computer-based technology
and student engagement: a critical review of the literature retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41239-017-006-0

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TASK B

2/ INFOGRAPHICS ON DEFORESTATION

Figure 2; Infographic on Deforestation

Deforestation is defined as the destruction of forests. The rapid loss of forests in this
present time without regular replanting programmes is endangering the wildlife, our
environment and eventually threaten the existence of human being. Deforestation to make
the land available for other uses has been the subject of intense debate for many years.
The greatest loss of forests is mainly due to the ever-growing agriculture industry,
primarily in tropical countries, with an annual loss of 7 million hectares. This
corresponds to the annual net gain of 6 million hectares of agricultural land.
Agricultural activities are carried out by farmers in tropical rainforest areas. The forest is
explored, cleared and burned, to be used later as the planting areas for selected crops.
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When the soil becomes less fertile, the whole exercise is shifted to new areas. These are
activities that cause widespread forest destruction. Smoke from burning forests pollutes
the air, the abandoned area is laid barren, the barren land is left exposed to the elements.
The rain erodes the land into the rivers. As a result, rivers get polluted with silt.
The exploration of forests for commercial farming has also contributed to the destruction
of flora and fauna. The construction of settlements for workers in the plantation industry
is another factor for the forests being wiped out. Consequently, many species of flora are
being destroyed and the wildlife food chain is disturbed.
There are many ways to help prevent deforestation. With better land planning,
management and collaboration, we can sustainably increase production and meet local
development needs while conserving our forest. But we need interventions at all levels
from government, companies, investors and consumers to ensure a deforestation free
future.

References
www.fao.org/publications/sofo

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TASK C
1/ VIDEO NARRATION ON THE 3 CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS

https://youtu.be/Bb6IfkMbYZU

The Global Citizenship Education (GCED) entails three core conceptual dimensions
which are cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioral.
Cognitive dimension makes learners to acquire knowledge, understanding and critical
thinking about local issues and at the same time regional, national and global issues and
also the interconnectedness and interdependency of different countries and populations.
Socio-emotional dimension is encouraging learners to share values to common humanity
besides having a sense of belonging and responsibilities, empathy, solidarity and respect
for differences and diversity.
When it comes to the behavioral dimension, learners are inspired to act responsibly and
effectively not only at local but also at national and global levels for a more sustainable
and better world.
GCED’s fundamental objective is to nurture respect for all, build a sense of belonging to
a common humanity and help learners to become responsible and active global citizens.
The other aims of GCED are to be transformative, build the knowledge, skills, values and
attitudes that learners need to shape a more inclusive, just and peaceful world.
GCED is important when there are so many global issues concentrated mainly in the
developing world and at the same time many issues happening locally. It is also
important to expand the role of education to address global problems due to increasing
pressure.

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TASK C
2/ VIDEO NARRATION ON DEFORESTATION

http://wwf.panda.org/our_work/forests/deforeststion_fronts2/

Forests cover approximately 30% of our planet and it plays an essential role in supporting
life on earth. But large-scale deforestation is threatening the essence of life in a big way.
At the current rate of destruction, world rainforest will no longer exist within a hundred
years.
Agriculture and logging activities count for 24% of the greenhouse gas emissions,
making deforestation as a major contributor to climate change. As the trees are chopped
down, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is just one of many
of the greenhouse gasses that is being absorbed into the atmosphere and fuels global
warming. Losing the forests is just increasing the severity of this catastrophe.
Apart from helping to regulate the earth’s climate, forests provide habitation for over
80% of the world’s plants and animals. Deforestation is destroying them and breaking the
chain of biodiversity. It is estimated that some four to six thousand species become
extinct each year. In addition to this, the lives of some 2 billion people are also affected
as they rely on the forests for food and shelter.
Environmentalists and scientists condemn large scale agricultural activities such as
soybean, palm oil and cocoa as the biggest driver of deforestation. Equally to blame is the
livestock industries and logging activities. And the ever-growing urban dwelling is also a
major contributor to this calamity.
The effect of deforestation can be a calamitous one, and time is running out. However,
there is still light at the end of the tunnel. Efforts of forest management and reforestation
is on the rise. However, intervention is needed. Intervention in a big scale ranging from
the tiny consumers to large investors, corporations and governments, to hold hands and

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work as one big team, representing mankind, to save earth and ensure our children will be
able to have a fresh breath of air.

TASK D
HOW THE 3 CONCEPTUAL DIMENSIONS OF GCED BRINGS BENEFIT TO
THE SOCIETY TO RESOLVE DEFORESTATION ISSUES.

1.0 Introduction
The assignment handed to OUMH1103 students for semester May/2019 is to
fundamentally explain the importance of GCED in our society and how it is used as a tool
in solving issues ranging from the local, neighborhood level up to global and worldwide
matters. It is an eye-opener for many of us as not everyone realizes that what little work
is done in one corner of the world can change the lives of a nation in another.
The topic we have picked, to be the subject of discussion is deforestation and how GCED
benefited the society in resolving this issue.

2.0a How the 3 conceptual dimensions of GCED benefits the society to resolve
deforestation
The world, or rather life on Earth has evolved, to be more interconnected and interlinked,
thanks to the advancement of technology. The world, as we see it now, has shrunk,
hypothetically. Hence, in theory, it is easier to get things done now compared to, say 50
years ago. UNESCO, the organization that promotes international awareness for world
peace and security, is using this opportunity to promote Global Citizenship Education or
GCED through various of its programs worldwide. The tool that is mainly used is of
course the world wide web.
UNESCO has promoted global citizenship education since the launch of the UN
Secretary-General’s Global Education First Initiative (GEFI) in 2012 (Tang, Q).
According to UNESCO’s publication of Global Citizenship Education; Topics and
Learning Objectives, the basis for defining global citizenship education goals, learning
objectives and competencies, as well as priorities for assessing and evaluating learning,

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are based on three domains, which are cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioral. It is by
promoting these skills to be implemented into various educational guidelines, including
national education policies, that UNESCO intends to fight for what it believes the future
of the human-race.
Deforestation is just one of the topics in UNESCO’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(https://en.unesco.org/sdgs) which it is trying to achieve by 2030. It is covered under
Goal #15 – ‘to protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation
and halt biodiversity loss.
The 3 conceptual dimensions has caused a change of behavior and attitude of many
people of around the world, to realize how important it is to stop deforestation. Many
organizations have adopted a ‘No Paper Policy’ in the day-to-day operations. Nowadays,
formal applications are carried out on-line. This is evident in the banking systems such as
Maybank2u and CIMB Clicks. Automated teller machines have been electronically set to
query the user before printing receipts. MyEG is a good example for the Malaysian e-
government solutions. Many recycling centers have mushroomed around the country and
the world over.
While reducing the usage of paper is gaining heat, the promotion of reforestation is being
promoted widely. On the other hand, the condemnation of deforestation is also increasing
via videos and other social medias. But a good formula is required to combat
deforestation. A formula that can maintain continuity for a prolonged period of time, if
not, a permanency into it.

2.0b. Ways to resolve deforestation.

Two major techniques for solving environmental problems are conservation and
restoration. Conservation involves protecting existing natural habitats. Restoration
involves cleaning up and restoring damaged habitats. And the best way to deal with
environmental problems is to prevent them from happening. Conserving habitats prevents
environmental issues that arise from ecosystem disruption. We can reduce our use of
resource, such as water and fossil fuel for energy. We can reuse goods rather than
disposing of them. Furthermore, we can recycle waste to help protect the environment.

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One of the best ways that we can help solve environment problems is by reducing amount
of waste that we produce. The reuse of goods saves both money and resources. The
process of the reusing things instead of taking more resource from the environment is
called recycling. Recycling existing product generally costs less than making new one
from raw material does. Research and technology can help protect our environment by
providing cleaner energy sources, better way to deal with waste and improved methods
for cleaning up pollution. Researchers must determine the cause of an environmental
problem before they can provide a solution for it. Education makes people to be more
aware of environmental issues. Education also shows people how to address such issues.
Expressing support or advocating for efforts to protect the environment can help more
people involved in these efforts. Many environment problems have been solved because
of the efforts of those who advocate for a solution. Conservation groups make effort to
educate people, protect land and influence law thorough advocacy. Educating the public
about the environment helps gain public support for solving environmental issues.
Environmental education can enrich people’s experience of our world and empower them
to care for it. Ecotourism is one way to educate the public about the environment.
Ecotourism is a form of tourism that supports conservation of the environment. Often an
ecotourist is given opportunity to help solve environmental problems as part of his or her
tour. Conservation involves protecting existing natural habitats. Restoration involves
cleaning up and restoring damaged habitats. We can reduce our use of natural resources,
such as water and fossil fuels for energy. We can reuse goods rather waste to helps
protect the environment. Research and technology can help protect our environment by
providing cleaner energy sources, better ways to deal with waste, and improved method
for cleaning up pollution.

3.0 Conclusion
As the saying goes, ‘prevention is better than cure’. In the case of deforestation, the harm
is already done. But it is not the end of the road. It is still possible to turn things around
for the better. Conservation needs to be taken more seriously and replanting and
reforestation are some of the ways that can help in the process of conservation. Education
via various programs such as concerts, gatherings and of course the social media is

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another important key to bring awareness to the people. Nevertheless, continuity must be
maintained to ensure our forests are forever protected. Laws that focus on the
environment and protection of forests must be mandated. More forest reserves should be
established. Harsh penalties must be imposed to the perpetrators who flout the law. Our
children must be made known of the impending danger of deforestation as they are the
inheritors of this planet and they are leaders of the future. And we need good leaders who
will have the conservation of the environment as his or her priority. Only then, our
children can have a safe, peaceful and a green world in the future.

References
UNESDOC: Global Citizenship Education: Topics and Learning Objectives
https://en.unesco.org/sdgs

4.0 Self-reflections
4.1 by Syed Nazir
The preparation of this assignment has been quite unique. Though we hail from one
country, and discus the same topics, we have differences. This is indicated by the way the
topics have been narrated. The highlights or importance of certain points being discussed
in one topic differs for each of our members. Thus, the assignment become colorful, in a
literary aspect. Nevertheless, our aim remains the same, that is to eradicate deforestation
through GCED. We agree that GCED has benefitted the society in combatting
deforestation, but much more effort is required from higher levels of the administration,
such as the government.
4.2 by Nurul Husna
the process of doing this assignment was very impactful to me. this assignment required
me to form a team member to complete this task. besides this assignment also has a very
interesting topic which is discussing about GCED and an environmental issue where we
chose deforestation as our choice which. I did a lot of reading about GCED and

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deforestation of preparing for this assignment at the same time teaching me a lot about
the importance of global education for saving our environment.

4.3 by THARVIN
Summarizing the knowledge, skills and abilities gained from courses OUM1103,
Learning Skill for Open Distance for Learners. This report will cover the theoretical part
from lecture material and critical thinking from activities. I will share my experienced
that I think useful to me and I can apply in my future. Learning Skill for Open Distance
for Learners course for sem 1 in 2019 give me a lot of new knowledge experience and I
was able to improve a few of my skills. The main purpose of this course was to develop
the students on how to learn by skill, ethics and critical thinking Therefore, this course
was helping student on how to handle the bigger challenge in other subjects.
4.4 by ESWARAN
throughout this assignment, I have gained a lot of knowledge about gced. I also get to
know new friends while doing this assignment. Other than that, I was able to exchange
my opinion on gced with others.
4.5 by IZZUDDIN
Summarizing the experiences gained from courses OUM1103, Learning Skill for Open
Distance Learners, it gives me new knowledge and experiences to improve my skills
including thinking, communication and collaborative skills. In my opinion, this course is
good because it aims to develop a student capable of creating a greener and sustainable
environment by displaying the characteristics of a global citizen. Furthermore, it
encourages learners to develop and demonstrate creative thinking and critical thinking
skills in study and daily life. Besides, it also gives learners the chance to demonstrate
communication and collaborative skills in group study which is very useful when we live
in the community. Last but not least, I will make sure the knowledge that I gain from this
course will be useful for me and others and I hope more people can learn and get new
knowledge from this course.

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