Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shrinivas Kampelli
15071A2440
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Contents :-
Introduction
Emission Standard
Emission Norms
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European
Standard
BS vs. EURO
BS III & IV
EURO I & II
Application
Reference
Conclusion
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Introduction:-
■ The aim of using the BS is to test exhaust emission level analyze engine
performance improve fuel efficiency and reduce environment pollution.
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Emission Standards:-
Emission Standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount
of pollutants that can be released in to the environment. Many emissions
standards focus on regulating pollutants released by automobiles (motor
cars) and other powered vehicles but they can also regulate emissions from
industry, power plant, small equipment such as lawn mowers and diesel
generators.
Vehicle emission performance standard: An emission performance
standard is a limit that sets thresholds above which a different type of
emission control technology might be needed.
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Emission Norms:-
It was in 1991 that first time emission norms were introduced in
India for petrol cars, diesel cars followed in 1992.
Emission norms means some rules (which has specified
quantity) decided by the govt for control of air pollution.
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Emission Control Technologies:-
Catalytic Converters
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Electronic Fuel Injection Systems :-
Inherent parts an Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)
•Fuel Injection- The fuel injector sprays the appropriate
amount of fuel as directed by the vehicles on-board computer
(ECU)
•Fuel pump- The fuel pump sends the fuel from the gas tank
through the fuel lines and to the throttle body or fuel rail for
delivery to the combustion chamber via the fuel injectors.
•Engine Control Unit (ECU)- determines the amount of fuel
needed according to the driving conditions .The engine
control unit, located within the engine compartment, follows
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a program that gives the criteria for how much fuel is delivered in
various situations. Programming of ECU is basically called engine
tuning.
•Sensor- Sensor located within the vehicles fuelling system help the
engine control unit to determine when certain functions need to
happen, Crank and Cam position sensor, Airflow Sensor and Exhaust
Gas Oxygen Sensor are important.
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Classification of Automotive Standard :-
5. BS V from 2016
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Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BS) :-
Bharat stage emission standards introduced in 2000 are emission
standards that have been set up by the central government. To
regulate the output of the air pollutants from Internal combustion
engine. The Bharat Stage norms are based on European
regulations. In 13 major cities Bharat Stage IV emission Standards
were put in the place in APRIL 2010.
Why is it important?
upgrading to stricter Fuel Standards helps tackle air pollution.
Global auto marks are betting big on India as vehicles penetration
is still low here, when compared to developed countries.
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For Passenger vehicles:-
Norms CO (g/km) HC (Hydro RSPM Sulphur
carbon Carbon)+NOx (respirable content in
monoxide Nitrogen Oxide suspended Diesel
(g/km) particulate
matter)
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Diesel Emission Norms (All Figures
in g/km) :-
Emission Norms CO HC NOx HC+NOx PM
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Petrol Emission Norms (All Figures in g/km)
:-
Emission Norms CO HC NOx HC+NOx PM
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European Standard :-
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b) Petrol
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BS & EURO :-
pollution
i.e. a EURO IV car makes same pollution as that BS IV
Differences are in terms of testing conditions
• Atmospheric temperature
• Sub zero temp in Europe and avg24-28 degree Celsius in India
• Car speed during testing
• Max 120 km/h in Europe and max 90 km/h in India
• Road Conditions
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BS III & IV:-
1. BS III is compulsory all India, while BS IV is compulsory for all
metro Cities.
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6. Bharat stage III norms have been enforced across the country since
October 2010. From April 2010 Bharat stage IV emission norms are in
place 13 major cities in India.
7. BS IV has turbocharger with intercooler. Also it has common rail injection
systems controlled by electronic control unit. BS III has rotary type
injection system. Intercooler is optional.
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EURO I & II :-
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Application:-
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Reference:-
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Conclusion
The aim of using the RDSO is to test exhaust emission levels analyze engine
performance improve fuel efficiency and reduce environment pollution. The
machine will also be used to set emission standards on a par with European and
BS Standards and with the US norms. This will help to measure oxides of
nitrogen, particular matters total hydrocarbon methane, carbon mono oxide and
carbon oxides in locomotives. It will also measure the performance of the engine
improve the fuel efficiency and reduce environmental problems.
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Thank you
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