Program Logic Controller

Hardwire switch
Hardwire with PLC
Basic PLC
PLC Architecture
Optoisolator
Relay
Transistor
Triac
 Input/Output Processing
• Ladder programming
• Program Sequence
– Scan the inputs associated with one rung of the ladder
– Solve the logic operation involving those inputs
– Set/reset the outputs for the rung
– Move on to the next rung and repeat operation in
step 1,2 and 3
– Move on to the next rung and repeat operation in
step 1,2 and 3
 Methods
• Continuous updating
• Mass input/output copying
Programming
Concepts of Ladder Programming
Example 1
Solution
Example 2
Solution
Logic Functions
Example 3
Solution
Example 4
Solution
 Latching
• A ladder latch circuit facilitates to hold an
output energised even when the input ceases.
 Example 5
Motor Controlling and light enabling
Sequencing
Mnemonics
Timers, Internal Relay and Counters
Example
Delay off Timer
 Internal Relay/marker
• Conditions or events to start or stop the timer
• Delay OFF Timer
• Switch off output after the timer energised
• Memory allocated for internal storage that are
used to hold data, which behave like relays,
but for only internal process.
– Multiple input conditions
– To implement switching sequences
 Counters
• When there is a need to count a specified
number of contact operations.
– Counting of boxes in conveyor
– No of occurrences of input signal
– Down counting
– Up counting will be done for present value
Basic Counting program
 Shift Registers
• Shift registers can be used where sequence of
operations or simultaneous movement or
tracks the flow is required
• Internal relays grouped together to form SR
• Three inputs
– OUT
– SFT
– RST
• Tracking parts through Assembly line
• Controlling machine operation
• Inventory counter
• System diagnostics
 Master and Jump Controls
• Whole block of outputs can be turned ON and
OFF which affects all the outputs
• To over come this master relay is used
• Executing sections when certain criteria is
realised.
Master and Jump
Jump Instruction
Flow Chart
Data handling
Data Movement
 Data Comparision
• Moving data
• Comparision of magnitudes of data
• Arithmetic operations
• Conversion between binary to another type
Arithmetic operations
Code Conversions
 Analog Input/Output
• ADC/ DAC in PLC
• Conversion
• Comparison of actual sensor data to original
data
 Selection of PLC
• Input / output capacity
• Types of I/O
• Size of memory
• Speed and power of CPU
• System Consideration
• Choosing the I/O hardware
• I/O timing consideration
• Analog I/O module
– Resolution
– Isolation
– Voltage level
– Current Level
• Conversion Speed
• Analog Closed Control
• Counters encoders and positioning
• Communications
• Choosing the correct processor
PLC Vs Computer