Ultrasonic Actuator

Overview
• Ultrasonic actuator is one of the main
component of Ultrasonic Machining device
• The actuator is actually a transducer that
converts electrical energy to mechanical
vibration
• The transducer that used at the Sonic Mill is
a Piezoelectric ceramic
Piezoelectric effect
• Piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain crystalline materials
(ceramic) to generate an electrical charge in proportion to externally
applied force. (Used in force transducer)
• Inverse Piezoelectric effect is a condition which an electric field
parallel to the direction of polarization induces an expansion of the
ceramics
Piezoelectric Ceramic
• A piezoelectric ceramic is a mass of perovskite crystals
• Above a “Curie temperature”, each perovskite crystal in the heated
ceramic element exhibits a simple cubic symmetry with no dipole
moment
• At temperatures below the Curie temperature each crystal has
tetragonal symmetry and, associated with that, a dipole moment.
• “Polling Process” is required for polarization
 Before After
Polling Process Polarization Polarization

Reaction of a poled piezoelectric element to applied stimuli

Constitutive Equations as Actuators
Linear Actuator
• Consist of a stack of thin ceramic
layers of thickness 0.1 and 1 mm
separated by electrode.
• Controlled by d33 coefficient
• Can be divided into 2:
• Low Voltage Piezo(LVPZ) : 100 V (for 0.1
mm thick layer)
• High Voltage Piezo(HVPZ) : 1000 V (for
1 mm thick layer)
• With the maximum expansion can
reach 10%-13%
Driving Piezoelectric Actuator
• The maximum electric field that
most ceramic piezoelectric
actuators can withstand is on
the order of 1 kV/mm to 2
kV/mm.
• Power Operational Amplifier
Circuit is required to Drive the
Piezoelectric
• AC Voltage is chosen because
the Actuator used as
Oscillator/Resonator
Driving with Sine Function
• The effective or average current Ia of the amplifier specified in the data sheets is
the crucial parameter for continuous operation with a sine wave.

Average Value:

Maximum Rating:

Where:
Resonance Frequency
• The Resonance frequency can be calculated as :
No-load:

Loaded: