SYNCHRONOUS RESOLVERS

CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCER
PIEZO-ELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
By
S.SANJAY-21075A2412
Y.VIJAY RAMA RAO-21075A2413
Y.GURU NUTHIN-21075A2414
 CAPACITIVE
TRANSDUCER
Capacitive Transducer :

A capacitive pressure transducer consists of an

airtight housing in which a metallic diaphragm is
placed. At the inner side, there is a fixed plate. In
between the diaphragm and the fixed plate, the
dielectric medium is placed.

When the pressure is applied to the diaphragm, it

moves toward the fixed plate resulting a change in
the capacitance. This capacitance is calibrated into
voltage proportional to the applied pressure.

This depends on the external or physical factors-

displacement , force or pressure.
Capacitive Transducer :

● The capacitive transducer contains two parallel metal plates. These plates are
separated by the dielectric medium which is either air, material, gas or liquid. In the
normal capacitor the distance between the plates are fixed, but in capacitive
transducer the distance between them are varied.
● The capacitive transducer uses the electrical quantity of capacitance for converting
the mechanical movement into an electrical signal. The input quantity causes the
change of the capacitance which is directly measured by the capacitive transducer.
● The capacitors measure both the static and dynamic changes. The displacement is also
measured directly by connecting the measurable devices to the movable plate of the
capacitor. It works on with both the contacting and non-contacting modes.
PRINCIPLE OF CAPACITIVE TRANSDUCER
 Capacitive transducer
Advantages
• Requires an external force
for operation and hence very
useful for small systems.
• High frequency response
• Requries less loading effect
due to presence of high
impendence effect.
Limitations Applications
• Metallic parts of the • Linear and angular
transducers require displacement
insulation. measurement.
• Frame of the capacitor • Pressure and force
requires earthing for measurement by using
reducing the effect of the capacitance.
stray magnetic field. • volume, density, weight
measurement.
PIEZO-ELECTRIC
TRANSDUCER
Piezo-electric Transducer :

A piezoelectric transducer is a device that uses the

piezoelectric effect to measure changes in acceleration, pressure,
strain, temperature or force by converting this energy into an
electrical charge.

A piezoelectric transducer consists of quartz crystal which is

made from silicon and oxygen arranged in crystalline structure
(SiO2). Generally, unit cell (basic repeating unit) of all crystal is
symmetrical but in piezoelectric quartz crystal, it is not.
Piezoelectric crystals are electrically neutral.

A piezoelectric transducer is based on the principle of the

piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect states that when
mechanical stress or forces are applied on quartz crystal,
produce electrical charges on the quartz crystal surface. The rate
of charge produced will be proportional to the rate of change of
mechanical stress applied to it. Higher will be stress higher will
be voltage.
Piezo-Electric Transducer
Piezo-Electric Transducer
 Piezo-electric Transducer

Advantages Limitations Applications

• It is not suitable for

• No need for an external • Automobile seat belts lock
measurement in static
force in response to a rapid
condition.
• Easy to handle and use as deceleration.
• It is affected by temperatures.
it has small dimensions • Used in medical diagnostics
• It has high temperature
• High-frequency response • Used to amplify louder sound
sensitivity.
it means the parameters by converting input sound
• Some crystals are water
change very rapidly into electric signals, In
soluble and get dissolve in
high humid environment. Microphones.
SYNCHRONOUS
RESOLVER
Synchronous Resolvers :
A resolver is an electromagnetic transducer that can be used in a wide
variety of position and velocity feedback applications which includes
light duty/servo, light industrial or heavy duty applications. Resolvers,
known as motor resolvers, are commonly used in servo motor feedback
applications due to their good performance in high temperature
environments. 

Because the resolver is an analog device and the electrical outputs are
continuous through one complete mechanical revolution, the theoretical
resolution of a single speed resolver is infinite. Because of its simple
transformer design and lack of any on board electronics, the resolver is
a much more rugged device than most any other feedback device and is
the best choice for those applications where reliable performance is
required in those high temperature, high shock and vibration
Synchronous Resolvers :

The resolver works on the principle of an electrical transformer.

These transformers use copper windings in stator and rotor.
Based on the rotor’s angular position, the inductive coupling of
the windings will be changed. The resolver energizes by using
an AC signal and the output of this can be measured to provide
an electrical signal.

Generally, it includes three windings like one primary and two

secondaries. These are designed with the help of copper wire on
the stator. The primary winding functions like the i/p for an AC
signal whereas each of the secondary winding is used as output.
In this, the stationary part is designed with iron or steel. The
operation of this can be done by different operating parameters
like accuracy, i/p excitation voltage, excitation frequency,
maximum current, transformation ration, phase shift, and null
voltage.
 Synchronous Resolvers

Advantages Limitations Applications

• Accurate Absolute • Servo motor feedback 

Position Sensor • Expensive • Speed and position feedback
• Small size Well- • Heavy in steel and paper mills
suited to severe • Requires skillful • Jet engine fuel systems
industrial specification & • Aircraft flight surface
environments implementation actuators 
• Not require ohmic • Bulky • Control systems in land
contact. based military vehicles
• High reliability
THANK YOU