NILKANTH SOLUTIONS

Welcomes
All of you in
15 Days Online Internship on
Arduino and Sensors
Day 9 09/06/2021

Relay & Proximity sensor

By Hardik Gohil
 Relay
• Relays are a remote control electrical switch that
can be switched using low current to control a
high current load
•  A relay is an electrically operated switch.
• Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and
changes the switch contacts.
• The coil current can be on or off so relay have two
switch positions and most have double throw
(changeover) switch contacts.
Electrometric Attraction type relay
Electromagnetic Induction
 Symbol
• The relay’s switch connections are usually
labeled COM, NC and NO:

• COM =Common, always connect to this, it is

the moving part of a switch.

• NC= Normally Closed,COM is connected to

this when the relay coil is off.

• NO= Normally open,COM is connected to this

when the relay coil is on.
 Number of pins
• 5(Five) pin relay.
• Most common contains
normally open and normally
open contacts.

• 4(Four) pin relay.

• Contain either normally open
or normally closed.
 Advantages of relay
• Relays can switch AC and DC.

• Relays can switch higher voltages.

• Relays are often a better choice for switching large currents (>5 A).

• Relays can switch many contacts at once.

 Disadvantages of relay
• The contacts becoming worn, resulting in a limited lifespan.
• That they don't perform that well when it comes to switching high
inrush currents.

Application of relay
• The Electromagnetic relays are employed for the protection of various AC and DC
equipments.
• In the over/under current and voltage protection of various AC and DC
equipments.
• For differential protection.
• Used as auxiliary relays in the contact systems of protective relay schemes.
  PROXIMITY SENSOR

A Proximity Sensor Detects An Object When The Object

Approaches Within The Detection Range And Boundary Of The
Sensor.

Proximity Sensor Includes All The Sensor That Perform Non

Contact Detection In Comparison To Sensors Such As Limit Switch
,That Detect The Object By Physically Contacting Them.
  TYPES OF PROXIMITY SENSOR
•  INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

• CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

• ULTRASONIC PROXIMITY SENSOR

• OPTICAL PROXIMITY SENSOR

 INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR
•  An Inductive proximity sensor is an electronic proximity
sensor , which detect metallic object without touching them.

• Their operating principle is based on a coil and high frequency

oscillator that creates a field in the close surrounding of the
sensing surface

• The operating distance of the sensor depends on the coil’s size

as well as the target ‘s shape, size and material
• Main Components Of The Inductive Proximity Sensor Are. Coil, Oscillator,
Detector And The Output Circuit
• The Operating Distance Of The Sensor Depends On The Actuator's Shape
And Size And Is Strictly Linked To The Nature Of The Material

• The Coil Generates The High Frequency Magnetic Field In Front Of The
Face. When The Metallic Target Comes In This Magnetic Field It Absorbs
Some Of The Energy
• Hence the oscillator field is affected. The rise or fall of such oscillation is
identified by a threshold circuit..that changes the output of the sensor.
ADVANTAGES

• They are very accurate compared to other technologies.

• Have high switching rate.
• Can work in harsh environmental conditions.

DISADVANTAGES

• It can detect only metallic target.

• Operating range may be limited.
 Application
• The global market for these proximity sensors is expected to grow at a
steady rate. Major industries using proximity sensors are machine tools,
woodworking machines, packaging machines and other types of
machinery.

• Further applications of are automatic door units such as garage doors or

doors inside buildings, elevator doors or doors inside railway coaches.

• The building and automotive sector are further industries using high
volumes of proximity sensors.