BIRLA VISHWAKARMA

MAHAVIDHYALAYA

PATEL PRIT RAJESHBHAI

22EE046
INTRODUCTION:
•A substation is generally a part of transmission distribution and generation system.
•It generally transform voltage from high to low, or vice versa, or perform any of
several other important functions.
• Between the generating station and consumer, different substation operates at
different voltages.
Three sections of substation

Battery
section
Yard
Panel section
section
 Components of Substation
 Power transformer

 Instrument Transformer

Current Transformer Potential Transformer

 Conductors
 Insulators
 Isolators
 Busbars
 Lightning Arrestors
 Circuit Breakers
 Relays
 Batteries
 Wave Trapper
 Power Transformer
• Static device used to transfer electrical energy.
• Transformers used in substation are of high ratings.
• Most commonly used to step up or step down voltage level
between different circuits.
 Instrument transformer
• Instrument transformer are basically of two types:
1.Current transformer 2. Potential transformer
• Transformation of higher value • Similar in characteristics as CT
currents to lower value • Utilised for converting high
• Lower current ratings voltage to lower voltage
• Used for operation of current relays • Used for protection of relay
for protection system
 Conductors
• Conductors are the metal
which permit the allow of
electrons through it.

• Best conductors are

copper and aluminium
etc.

• Utilized for transmission

of energy from one
substation to another.
 Insulators
• The insulators are the materials which do not permit flow of
electrons through it.
• Insulators are resisting electric property.
• numerous types of insulators such as shackle, strain type,
suspension type, and stray type etc are used in substations for
avoiding contact with humans or short circuit.
 Isolators
• An isolator is a device used for isolating a
circuit or equipment from a source of power.
• These are mechanically operated switches.
• Deployed when there is an interruption of
current.
 Busbars
• The busbar is a kind of electrical junction which has outgoing and
incoming current paths.
• Whenever a fault occurs in the busbar, entire components connected to
that specific section should be tripped for giving thorough isolation in a
small timefor avoiding danger rising due to conductor’s heat.
• These are of different types such as ring bus, double bus, and single bus
etc.
 Lightning Arrestor
• A device used for the protection of the equipment at the
substations against travelling waves.

• Lightning arrester diverts the abnormals high voltage to the ground

without affecting the continuity of supply.
• These are meant for diversion of current to earth if any current surge
appears hence by protecting insulation as well as conductor from damages
 Circuit Breaker
• The circuit breakers are such type
of switches utilized for closing or
opening of circuits at the time
when the fault occurs within the
system.
• can be operated manually or
automatically for controlling and
protecting the electrical power
system.
 Relays
• Relays are basically sensing gadgets which are devoted for sensing
faults and are determining its location as well as sending
interruption message

• It is a low powered device used to activate high power devices.

• Used to trigger CBs and other switches in substation and

transmissionand distribution system.
 Wavetrapper
• Cylinder-like structures connected in
series with HV transmission lines.

• A wave trap is connected between

buses and the transmission line which
allow only 50 Hz
signal to pass through it.

• systems for communication among

various substations
without dependence on the telecom
company network.
 Batteries
• Some of the important substation parts such as
emergency lighting, relay system, and automated
control circuitry are operated through batteries. The
size of the battery bank is depending on the voltage
required for operation of the DC circuit respectively.
 Layout of substation

A: Primary power lines’ side B: Secondary power lines’ side

1. Primary power lines
2. Ground wire
3. Overhead lines
4. Transformer for measurement of electric voltage
5. Disconnect switch
6. Circuit breaker
7. Current transformer
8. Lightning arrester
9. Main transformer
10. Control building
11. Security fence
12. Secondary power lines
Single line diagram
Any Queries ?
Thank You !