STUDY OF ELEMENTS OF A

220/132/33KV SUBSTATION

BY
ARVIND KUMAR
 CONTENTS
Introduction
Sub station
Types of substation
Design of a substation
Design Considerations of Transmission Substation
Equipment of A Transmission Substation
Line Diagram
Sub station Bus Schemes
Substation Location
The Functions of the substation
Causes of faults
Transformer in a substation
Protection devices
Conclusion
 This project includes study of
transmission lines, bus bars, circuit
breakers, isolators, earth switches, various
types of transformers such as power
transformer, capacitor voltage transformer,
current transformers, lightning arresters,
wave traps and grounding system of
substation.
 Sub Station
• Substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity
generation, transmission and distribution system
where voltage is transformed from high to low or the
reverse using transformers.
 Types of Substation
• Transmission Substation
• A transmission substation connects two or more
transmission lines.
• Distribution Substation
• A distribution substation transfers power from the
transmission system to the distribution system of an area.
• Collector Substation
• The collector substation steps up voltage to a transmission
voltage for the grid. The collector substation also provides
power factor correction, metering and control of the wind
farm. The collector system operates around 35 KV.
 Design Considerations of
Transmission Substation
• Load density
• Level of High voltage
• Level of Low voltage
• Land availability
• Reliability requirements
• Load growth
• Voltage drop
• Cost and losses
 Equipments of A Transmission
Substation
• Transformers
• Circuit breakers
• Disconnecting switches
• Station buses and insulators
• Reactors
• Grounding systems
• Lightning arrestors
• Line traps
• Protective relays
• Station batteries
DESIGN OF A SUBSTATION
•Substation should be located at load
centre
•Sufficient land area
•Grounding
 Factors affecting selection of a substation

• Safety,
• Reliability,
• Economy,
• Simplicity,
 Substation Bus Schemes
• Single bus scheme
• Double bus double breaker
• Double bus single breaker scheme
• Ring bus scheme
 Substation Location
• Locate substation as much as closer to load centers
• Locate substation such that proper voltage regulation is
obtained without taking extensive measures.
• Locate substation such that it provides access for
incoming sub-transmission lines and out going primary
feeders.
• Locate such that it allows future expansion of the
substation it self.
 Functions of the substation are
• To Change voltage from one level to another.
• To Switch transmission and distribution circuits into
and out of the grid system.
• To Measure various parameters.
• To Connect communication signals to the circuits.
• To Eliminate lightning and other electrical surges
from the system.
• To Connect electric generation plants to the system.
• To Make interconnections between the electric
systems of more than one utility
 Causes of Faults

•Insulation and Conducting path failure.

• Over-voltages
• Puncturing or breaking of insulators.
• Tripping of Circuit Breaker
• Accumulation of foreign bodies.
 Transformer
Types of a Transformers
• Auto transformer
• Poly Phase transformers
• Instrument transformers

• Transformers used in substation

• Power Transformers
• Current Transformers
• Voltage Transformers
 Various Protection devies
• Lightning Arresters
• Control and Relay Panel
• Circuit Breakers
 various instruments
Conductor Systems

DC Battery and Charger

Input Rating: Voltage: 415 V + 10 %

Frequency: 50 Hz. 3 Phase
Output Rating:
Float: 220 V, 10 Amp
Boost: 180 V, 30Amp

Wave Trapper

CONT..,
 CONT..,
Isolators
Insulators
Bus Bar

Grounding
CONCLUSION
we studied about the operation of different equipments in substation.
It includes study of transmission lines
Bus bars
Various types of transformers
Circuit breakers
Isolators
Earth switches
Current transformers
Voltage transformers
Lightning arresters
Wave traps
Grounding system of substation
ANY QUERIES ???

» THANK YOU