Sampling Distribution

Terms to Remember
 Population
Sample
Sampling
Parameter
Statistics
Sampling
distribution
Population

Sample
Module 4
Introduction
of Sampling Theory
Population
– totality of elements (set)
Sample
– one or more elements
(subset)
Examples: POPULATION
1. All students who enrolled for the current
school year
2. Government census
Examples: SAMPLE
1. Because of budget issues, she included only
and group of 200 students to participate in
her study.
2. Sample of blood to determine the blood
type of a patient.
Numerical measurements:
1. Parameter
- Population
2. Statistics
- sample
Examples:
1. The food and Nutrition Research
Institute of the Department of Science
and Technology (FNRI-DOST) surveyed
14 million Filipino adults aged 20 above
and determined that 80% of Filipino
adults are at risk of hypertension.
2. The researcher wants to estimate
the average death age of Filipino
women in the last decade and from
a sample of 100 deaths, he obtained
a sample mean age of 73.
3. Capvex is a drug used to treat patients with
metastatic breast cancer. An oncologist wants
to determine the proportions of patients
taking Capvex who are healed within 10
weeks. A random sample of 300 breast cancer
patients was selected and 250 of them were
healed after 10 weeks.
Activity # __
Read and answer the following.
1. Determine whether the following examples
refer to a population or a sample.
a. The total number of students in a school.
b. A group of 40 patients in a hospital who
are given a particular treatment.
c. The ages of all employees of a certain
company
d. The top 50 taxpayers in the Philippines.
e. The list of all the countries in the world.

2. Identify the parameter and statistics used

in each of the following statements.
a. A researcher wants to determine the mean
electric consumption of the families in a
barangay. From a random sample of 30
families, a mean consumption of 130 kWh
was identified.
b. A school principal surveys the mean general
weighted average (GWA) of the students in the
present school year. From a group of 50
random students, a mean GWA of 86.75 is
determined.

c. A population researcher computes the

average number of births per day and from a
sample of 20 hospitals, he gathered a mean of
100 births.
 Lesson 4.1
Sampling Techniques
 2 Categories
1. Probability Distribution
- unbiased selection

2. Nonprobability Distribution
- biased selection
 Sample Techniques
Probability Sampling Nonprobability Sampling

Simple Random Sampling Convenience Sampling

Systematic Sampling Purposive Sampling
Stratified Sampling Snowball Sampling
Cluster Sampling Quota Sampling
 Probability Distribution
1. Simple Random Sampling
- most commonly used
- equal chances
- lottery method or tables of random
numbers
2. Systematic Sampling
- considers every nth elements
𝑃
-𝑞 =
𝑆
Example:
A sample of 10 will be selected from a
population of 40 patients.
3. Stratified Sampling
- homogenous partitioned population
- Strata
- proportional
- similarly
Example:
A sample of 100 students is to be selected from a
junior school population of 1 000, of which 250
are in Grade 7, 200-Grade 8, 300-Grade 9, and
250-Grade 10.
4. Cluster Sampling
- heterogeneous groups
- differently
Example:
Suppose a researcher wants to study the effect
of a certain teaching methodology among the
students coming from a particular town.
Activity #__
Identify the random sampling technique
illustrated in the following scenarios. Use
the following as choices; simple random,
systematic, stratified, and clusters
sampling.
a. Kyle chose 10 samples from
population of 50 by assigning
numbers to each member and then
selecting members whose assigned
numbers are multiples of 5.
b. A researcher grouped respondents
according to religious affiliations and
then chose proportional numbers of
members from each religious group
c. A teacher assigned class numbers to each
student and then spun a number roulette to
identify the members of the samples.

d. A researcher who studies the effectiveness

of a particular drug chose four hospitals at
random which are located within the region
and then surveyed all the patients in the
selected hospitals.
e. A company exclusive selected 15
participant for the international business
congress by writing the name of all
employees and then choosing a name a
one at a time until the delegation is
completed.
 Nonprobability Distribution

1. Convenience Sampling
- haphazard sampling
- ease of implementation
Example:
“ambush interview”
“opinion poll”
2. Purposive Sampling
- judgmental and selective
sampling
Example:
Brand of toothpaste
3. Snowball
- chain-referral sampling
Example:
recommendation
4. Quota Sampling
- equivalent to stratified random
sampling (procedure)
- purposive sampling (selection)
Example:
A study is conducted in a defined
population in which 30%-Single and
70%-Married.
Note:
PD – researches and studies
NPD – ensure representativeness
2. Identify the nonprobability sampling
techniques associated with the following
scenarios:
a. John conducted an online survey about
the mostly preferred presidential
candidate.
b. Annie asked some respondents to
suggest other possible participants for the
research.
c. The researcher grouped together the
members of the population into categories
and then chose possible respondents from
each category.

d. The teacher chose the top three

students of the batch to represent the
school in a regional quiz show.
QUIZ
Identification
Write the technique and category of
the following.
1. The population divided into different
groups.
2. The procedure to get the sample is
equivalent to stratified but there is a
purpose in selection.
3. It has one or more elements from the
set.
4. It considers every nth elements.
5. It is the numerical measurement that
describe the sample.
6. The population divided into
homogenous partitions.
7. The researcher finds the sample
easily because it’s already available.
8. It is the totality of elements of a set.
9. Everybody has equal chances and it
is commonly used.
10. There is prejudiced in selection.
11. It is a judgmental and selective sampling.
12. It describes the numerical measurement of the
population.
13. It is a chain-referral sampling.
14. The selection shows square sampling
techniques.
15. Explain the focus of both sample categories.
(3points)
1. Cluster-P 12. Parameter
2. Quota-NP 13. Snowball-NP
3. Sample 14. probability
4. Systematic-P 15.
5. Statistic
6. Stratified-P
7. Convenience-NP
8. Population
9. Simple-P
10. Nonprobability
11. Purposive-NP