Pelton wheel experiment

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‫‪Prepared by group 4‬‬

‫* احمد حربى حمدون‬

‫* احمد طاهر عبدالظاهر‬
‫* احمد فرج فؤاد‬
‫* حسنى رجب حسن‬
‫* خالد على موسى‬
‫* عبدالرحمن محمـد رفعت‬

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 REPORT CONTENTS AND CONSTRUCTION

Conclusion
Objectives
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Results and 5 REPORT 2 Experimental

Discussion Apparatus

4 3
Measuring
Test Procedure Instruments

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 Introduction
● Water turbine: convert the pressure energy of water into kinetic energy
●There are two types of turbines, reaction and the impulse

Pelton turbine Francis turbine Kaplan turbine

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 introduction
■ Operating principle of the Pelton turbine:

1-needle nozzle,

2-adjustable nozzle
needle
3-blade on the Pelton
wheel

4-redirected water jet

5-profile of the blade

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 Learning objectives/experiments

■ design and function of a Pelton turbine

■ determination of torque, power and efficiency

■ graphical representation of characteristic curves

for torque, power and efficiency
Experimental Apparatus

1-spring balance

2- manometer
3-adjustment of the
nozzle cross-section

4-needle nozzle

5-Pelton wheel

6-adjustment of
the band brake
 Measuring Instruments

■ Noncontact hand-held tachometer

■ Manometer

■ The braking device

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 Test Procedure
For the plotting of turbine characteristic curves at constant Q

■Switch the pump

■open the nozzle is fully, the nozzle valve tip level with the nozzle opening

■The head is kept at a constant 0.2 bar (2m) by means of the ball-cock in
the HM 150 inlet

■Increase the load on the braking device in increments of 0.5 N

■Record the speed

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 calculations:

1-Determining the volumetric flow

ሶ 𝑉2 −𝑉1
𝑉= ∆𝑡
2-Determining the head
𝑃
H=𝜌.𝑔
3- Determining the Torque
𝐷
M=F. 2
F= 𝐹1 − 𝐹2
4- Power and Efficiency
Outgoing power
𝑛
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑀. 2. 𝜋.
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Hydraulic power
𝑃ℎ𝑦𝑑 = 𝐻. 𝜌. 𝑔. 𝑉ሶ
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 =
𝑃ℎ𝑦𝑑
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For the plotting of power curves load is placed on the turbine in
increments by way of the brakes, at various nozzle positions.

■Switch the pump

■open the nozzle is fully, the nozzle valve tip level with the nozzle opening
■The head is kept at a constant 0.2 bar (2m) by means of the ball-cock in the HM
150 inlet

■Adjust nozzle to scale value 0”

■Increase the load on the braking device in increments of 0.5 N

■Note: volumetric flow rate , position nozzle, load and speed

■Adjust nozzle to scale value 2”

■Increase the load on the braking device in increments of 0.5 N
■Note: volumetric flow rate , position nozzle, load and speed

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 conclusion
As a conclusion from the experiment that had been
performed, we can conclude that different range of flow
rates and rotational speeds influences the performance of
Pelton wheel turbine. The combination of flow rate and jet
velocity manipulates the power or work input. The bigger
the diameter nozzle the faster the flow rates but lower in
velocity jet. Therefore we need the perfect combination of
both. In general, impulse turbine is high-head, low flow
rate device. So we can assume that our experiment is
successful due to the result we obtained.

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