BIOSINTESIS ASAM

AMINO & PROTEIN

Adita Silvia F., S.Si., M.Sc
BIOSINTESIS ASAM AMINO
• Asam amino dibuat di hati/dihasilkan dari proses
katabolisme protein dalam hati  AA non
esensial
• Semua asam amino berasal dari senyawa
intermediet Glikolisis, siklus asam sitrat (siklus
Krebs), dan jalur pentosa fosfat
• 75% asam amino digunakan untuk sintesis
protein
Sintesis Prolin
dan Arginin
pada bakteri

Prolin dapat
disintesis dari
Arginin yang
berasal dari
makanan atau
protein jaringan.
Asam Amino Aromatis
(Jalur asam shikimat)
BIOSINTESIS PROTEIN
• Bahan baku : 20 macam AA
• Arsitek : DNA
• Pelaksana : RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)
• Sumber energi : ATP
• Enzim : RNA polimerase
• Tempat : sitoplasma (ribosom)
Perbedaan DNA & RNA
DNA: RNA:
• Deoxyribose sugar • Ribose sugar
• Contains thymine (T) • Contains uracil (U)
 A-T and C-G instead of thymine
• Double-stranded  A-U and C-G
• Single strand
BIOSINTESIS PROTEIN
Terdiri dari 2 tahap :
• Transkripsi :
mengcopy DNA ke
mRNA
• Translasi :
menggunakan mRNA
sebagai guide untuk
pembentukan protein
RNA
1. rRNA
a. Location: nucleus and ribosomes
b. Function: combines with proteins to make
ribosomes
RNA
2. mRNA
a. Location: nucleus and cytoplasm
b. Function: brings instructions from DNA in
nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
RNA
3. tRNA
a. Location: nucleus and cytoplasm
b. Function: brings amino acids to ribosome
to build polypeptides (proteins)

tRNA
Bagaimana protein disintesis?

• Step 1: Transcription – RNA polymerase

splits open DNA and copies it to form a
strand of mRNA. mRNA leaves the nucleus.
• Step 2: Translation – mRNA in the
cytoplasm binds to a ribosome. Ribosome
reads it 3 bases at a time, and matches
these with bases on tRNA attached to an
amino acid. An amino acid chain is formed
from many peptide bonds.
• Step 3: Protein folding – polypeptide is
folded, and combined with other
polypeptides to form a protein.
KODON

• mRNA is read 3 bases at a time – a codon is

the 3 base code, or triplet code, of mRNA.