3D Change Detection

Presented by :
Shagun Garg
(183040064)
Introduction

Fig (A) : Vertical Profile of trees (2009) ; Fig.(B) : Builidings profile (2013)
Souce : Dong. et.al(2018)

2
IDEA....
Trees generally have higher
slope than buildings.

Fig 2. Principle of nDSM

https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de

3
Objective
• Type I: New buildings built after removing
medium/high vegetation.

• Type II: New buildings built on bare earth

or low vegetation, or atop
existing buildings.
• Type III: Demolished or damaged buildings.

• Type IV: Existing buildings with little or no

changes.
Fig.3. Types of Change.
Souce : Dong. et.al(2018)

4
 Fig.4. Lidar point cloud in LAS format for (A) 2009 and (B) 2013. Souce : Dong. et.al(2018)

2009 2013
Points density : 2 Points /m2 25-30 points/m2
No. of Returns: 4 5
Classes: 5; ground, noise, water, 8; Ground, low, medium, high
overlap, reserved. vegetation, building,
noise,water,reserved 5
Problem...
• Objective was to compare the Building and
vegetation classes in the year 2009 and 2013.
• In the year 2013 we have two different classes
- vegetation and buildings
• But in the year 2009 , the two classes
(vegetation and Buildings ) are not classified.
• Using 2013 classified points we will classify
the 2009 unclassified points.

6
 Methodology
2009 Lidar Points 2013 Lidar Points

2009 DEM 2009 DSM 2013 DSM 2013 DTM

Filter out G
2009 nDSM dDSM 2013 nDSM
and B Points

Change in Volume.
Height of building

Slope threshold

7
Thresholds..
Slope Threshold

Maximum Slope : 51.11 degree

Threshold : 51.11 + 2 degree
=53.11 degree

If mean slope of 2009 DHM in

same polygon is greater than
Threshold(St) then objects
derived in 2009 are vegetation.
OR
Fig.5. Histogram of zonal mean rooftop slope
If Si>St : Type 1 change
from 2013 data

8
Thresholds..
Volume Threshold

Vt = 2.2 * Building footprint area

Where , 2.2 is the minimum height of a residential building [Standard]
Vt =Volume Threshold
Vij = Volumeric change of ground objects from 2009 to 2013
= DSM (2013) – DSM(2009)
Vij = dDSM.
Where , Vij =Change.

Change > -Threshold Else

Change > Threshold
Vij > - Vt
Vij > Vt TYPE-4
TYPE-3
TYPE-2 9
 Methodology
2009 Lidar Points 2013 Lidar Points

2009 DEM 2009 DSM 2013 DSM 2013 DTM

Filter out G
2009 nDSM dDSM 2013 nDSM
and B Points

Slope Raster 2013 Building

Slope
Threshold (St)
Use 2013 BA as Use 2013 BA as
zones to calc Si zones to calc Vij Vol. Threshold (Vt)
=2.2 *(building area)
Check Si , St, Vij, Vt

NO NO
NO Type 4
Si > St Vij > Vt Vij > -Vt

YES YES YES

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 10

Validation
1112 Building points
from 2013 Lidar data

Fig 6. Map of Building Types . The 2009 DHM is used as backdrop

11
Souce : Dong. et.al(2018)
Conclusion
• 85-95 % Overall accuracy
• No clear threshold between demolished and
damaged.
• Can be used only in areas where safety
standards are followed.
• Errors are mainly caused due to buildings
under construction , buildings under tree
canopy, and relatively low density of 2009
Lidar points.
12
THANK YOU

13