Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 1
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Eurocode Retaining Wall Worked Example - 2015

Table of Contents
Calculation Input ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Tedds Calculation ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Retaining wall analysis ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Retaining wall design......................................................................................................................................................... 12
STEM DESIGN FORCES...................................................................................................................................................... 19
STEM SERVICEABILITY MOMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 20
BASE DESIGN FORCE COMBINATION 1 ............................................................................................................................ 21
BASE DESIGN FORCES COMBINATION 2 .......................................................................................................................... 24
Final Base Design Forces ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
BASE SERVICEABILITY FORCES ....................................................................................................................................... 27
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 2
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

CALCULATION INPUT
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 3
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 4
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

TEDDS CALCULATION

RETAINING WALL ANALYSIS

In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the UK National Annex
incorporating Corrigendum No.1
Tedds calculation version 2.6.09

Retaining wall details

Stem type; Cantilever
Stem height; hstem = 3500 mm
Stem thickness; tstem = 350 mm
Angle to rear face of stem; a = 90 deg
Stem density; gstem = 25 kN/m3
Toe length; ltoe = 2000 mm
Heel length; lheel = 1500 mm
Base thickness; tbase = 350 mm
Base density; gbase = 25 kN/m3
Height of retained soil; hret = 2500 mm
Angle of soil surface; b = 0 deg
Depth of cover; dcover = 1000 mm
Depth of excavation; dexc = 500 mm
Height of water; hwater = 750 mm
Water density; gw = 9.8 kN/m3

Retained soil properties

Soil type; Medium dense well graded sand
Moist density; gmr = 20 kN/m3
Saturated density; gsr = 22 kN/m3
Characteristic effective shear resistance angle; f'r.k = 30 deg
Characteristic wall friction angle; dr.k = 0 deg

Base soil properties

Soil type; Medium dense well graded sand
Soil density; gb = 20 kN/m3
Characteristic cohesion; c'b.k = 0 kN/m2
Characteristic effective shear resistance angle; f'b.k = 30 deg
Characteristic wall friction angle; db.k = 15 deg
Characteristic base friction angle; dbb.k = 30 deg

Loading details
Variable surcharge load; SurchargeQ = 10 kN/m2
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 5
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Calculate retaining wall geometry

Base length; lbase = ltoe + tstem + lheel = 3850 mm
Saturated soil height; hsat = hwater + dcover = 1750 mm
Moist soil height; hmoist = hret - hwater = 1750 mm
Length of surcharge load; lsur = lheel = 1500 mm
- Distance to vertical component; xsur_v = lbase - lheel / 2 = 3100 mm
Effective height of wall; heff = hbase + dcover + hret = 3850 mm
- Distance to horizontal component; xsur_h = heff / 2 = 1925 mm
Area of wall stem; Astem = hstem ´ tstem = 1.225 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xstem = ltoe + tstem / 2 = 2175 mm
Area of wall base; Abase = lbase ´ tbase = 1.348 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xbase = lbase / 2 = 1925 mm
Area of saturated soil; Asat = hsat ´ lheel = 2.625 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xsat_v = lbase - (hsat ´ lheel2 / 2) / Asat = 3100 mm
- Distance to horizontal component; xsat_h = (hsat + hbase) / 3 = 700 mm
Area of water; Awater = hsat ´ lheel = 2.625 m 2
- Distance to vertical component; xwater_v = lbase - (hsat ´ lheel2 / 2) / Asat = 3100 mm
- Distance to horizontal component; xwater_h = (hsat + hbase) / 3 = 700 mm
Area of moist soil; Amoist = hmoist ´ lheel = 2.625 m 2
- Distance to vertical component; xmoist_v = lbase - (hmoist ´ lheel2 / 2) / Amoist = 3100 mm
 Project
Section
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997)
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by
Tel: 0113 887 9790
- Distance to horizontal component;
Area of base soil;
- Distance to vertical component;
- Distance to horizontal component;
Area of excavated base soil;
- Distance to vertical component;
- Distance to horizontal component;
Partial factors on actions - Table A.3 - Combination 1
Permanent unfavourable action;
Permanent favourable action;
Variable unfavourable action;
Variable favourable action;
Angle of shearing resistance;
Effective cohesion;
Weight density;
Design water density;
Design moist density;
Design saturated density;
Design effective shear resistance angle;
Design wall friction angle;
Base soil properties
Design soil density;
Design effective shear resistance angle;
Design wall friction angle;
Design base friction angle;
Using Coulomb theory
Active pressure coefficient;
Passive pressure coefficient;
Sliding check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem;
Wall base;
Saturated retained soil;
Water;
Moist retained soil;
Base soil;
Job Ref.
Tedds Worked Examples
Sheet no./rev.
6
Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JK 7/27/2016
xmoist_h = (hmoist ´ (tbase + hsat + hmoist / 3) / 2 + (hsat + tbase)2/2) / (hsat +
tbase + hmoist / 2) = 1530 mm
Apass = dcover ´ ltoe = 2 m2
xpass_v = lbase - (dcover ´ ltoe´ (lbase - ltoe / 2)) / Apass = 1000 mm
xpass_h = (dcover + hbase) / 3 = 450 mm
Aexc = hpass ´ ltoe = 1 m2
xexc_v = lbase - (hpass ´ ltoe´ (lbase - ltoe / 2)) / Aexc = 1000 mm
xexc_h = (hpass + hbase) / 3 = 283 mm
gG = 1.35
gGf = 1.00
gQ = 1.50
gQf = 0.00
;Partial factors for soil parameters – Table A.4 - Combination 1
gf' = 1.00
gc' = 1.00
gg = 1.00
;Water properties
gw' = gw / gg = 9.8 kN/m 3
;Retained soil properties
gmr' = gmr / gg = 20 kN/m 3
gsr' = gsr / gg = 22 kN/m3
f'r.d = atan(tan(f'r.k) / gf') = 30 deg
dr.d = atan(tan(dr.k) / gf') = 0 deg
gb' = gb / gg = 20 kN/m3
f'b.d = atan(tan(f'b.k) / gf') = 30 deg
db.d = atan(tan(db.k) / gf') = 15 deg
dbb.d = atan(tan(dbb.k) / gf') = 30 deg
;Design effective cohesion; c'b.d = c'b.k / gc' = 0 kN/m2
KA = sin(a + f'r.d)2 / (sin(a)2 ´ sin(a - dr.d) ´ [1 + Ö[sin(f'r.d + dr.d) ´
sin(f'r.d - b) / (sin(a - dr.d) ´ sin(a + b))]]2) = 0.333
KP = sin(90 - f'b.d)2 / (sin(90 + db.d) ´ [1 - Ö[sin(f'b.d + db.d) ´ sin(f'b.d) /
(sin(90 + db.d))]]2) = 4.977
Fstem = gGf ´ Astem ´ gstem = 30.6 kN/m
Fbase = gGf ´ Abase ´ gbase = 33.7 kN/m
Fsat_v = gGf ´ Asat ´ (gsr' - gw') = 32 kN/m
Fwater_v = gGf ´ Awater ´ gw' = 25.8 kN/m
Fmoist_v = gGf ´ Amoist ´ gmr' = 52.5 kN/m
Fexc_v = gGf ´ Aexc ´ gb' = 20 kN/m
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 7
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fexc_v + Fwater_v = 194.6 kN/m

Horizontal forces on wall

Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´ gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ heff = 19.3 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr' - gw') ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 12.1 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gG ´ gw' ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 29.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = gG ´ KA ´ gmr' ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat
+ hbase)) = 46.9 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h = 107.4 kN/m

Check stability against sliding

Base soil resistance; Fexc_h = gGf ´ KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = 34.7 kN/m
Base friction; Ffriction = Ftotal_v ´ tan(dbb.d) = 112.3 kN/m
Resistance to sliding; Frest = Fexc_h + Ffriction = 147.1 kN/m
Factor of safety; FoSsl = Frest / Ftotal_h = 1.369
PASS - Resistance to sliding is greater than sliding force
Overturning check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = gGf ´ Astem ´ gstem = 30.6 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = gGf ´ Abase ´ gbase = 33.7 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = gGf ´ Asat ´ (gsr' - gw') = 32 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = gGf ´ Awater ´ gw' = 25.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = gGf ´ Amoist ´ gmr' = 52.5 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_v = gGf ´ Aexc ´ gb' = 20 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fexc_v + Fwater_v = 194.6 kN/m

Horizontal forces on wall

Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´ gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ heff = 19.3 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr' - gw') ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 12.1 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gG ´ gw' ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 29.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = gG ´ KA ´ gmr' ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat
+ hbase)) = 46.9 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_h = -gGf ´ KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = -34.7 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fexc_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h = 72.7 kN/m

Overturning moments on wall

Surcharge load; Msur_OT = Fsur_h ´ xsur_h = 37.1 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat_OT = Fsat_h ´ xsat_h = 8.5 kNm/m
Water; Mwater_OT = Fwater_h ´ xwater_h = 20.4 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_OT = Fmoist_h ´ xmoist_h = 71.7 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_OT = Msat_OT + Mmoist_OT + Mwater_OT + Msur_OT = 137.7 kNm/m

Restoring moments on wall

Wall stem; Mstem_R = Fstem ´ xstem = 66.6 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase_R = Fbase ´ xbase = 64.8 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat_R = Fsat_v ´ xsat_v = 99.2 kNm/m
Water; Mwater_R = Fwater_v ´ xwater_v = 79.8 kNm/m
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 8
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Moist retained soil; Mmoist_R = Fmoist_v ´ xmoist_v = 162.8 kNm/m

Base soil; Mexc_R = Fexc_v ´ xexc_v - Fexc_h ´ xexc_h = 29.8 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_R = Mstem_R + Mbase_R + Msat_R + Mmoist_R + Mexc_R + Mwater_R =
503.1 kNm/m
Check stability against overturning
Factor of safety; FoSot = Mtotal_R / Mtotal_OT = 3.654
PASS - Maximum restoring moment is greater than overturning moment
Bearing pressure check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = gG ´ Astem ´ gstem = 41.3 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = gG ´ Abase ´ gbase = 45.5 kN/m
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ lheel = 22.5 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = gG ´ Asat ´ (gsr' - gw') = 43.2 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = gG ´ Awater ´ gw' = 34.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = gG ´ Amoist ´ gmr' = 70.9 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_v = gG ´ Apass ´ gb' = 54 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fpass_v + Fwater_v + Fsur_v =
312.2 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´ gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ heff = 19.3 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr' - gw') ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 12.1 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gG ´ gw' ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 29.2 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = gG ´ KA ´ gmr' ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat
+ hbase)) = 46.9 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_h = -gGf ´ KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = -87.6 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = max(Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h - Ftotal_v ´
tan(dbb.d), 0 kN/m) = 0 kN/m

Moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem = Fstem ´ xstem = 89.9 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase = Fbase ´ xbase = 87.5 kNm/m
Surcharge load; Msur = Fsur_v ´ xsur_v - Fsur_h ´ xsur_h = 32.7 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat = Fsat_v ´ xsat_v - Fsat_h ´ xsat_h = 125.4 kNm/m
Water; Mwater = Fwater_v ´ xwater_v - Fwater_h ´ xwater_h = 87.3 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist = Fmoist_v ´ xmoist_v - Fmoist_h ´ xmoist_h = 148 kNm/m
Base soil; Mpass = Fpass_v ´ xpass_v - Fpass_h ´ xpass_h = 93.4 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msat + Mmoist + Mpass + Mwater + Msur = 664.4
kNm/m
Check bearing pressure
Distance to reaction; `x = Mtotal / Ftotal_v = 2128 mm
Eccentricity of reaction; e = `x - lbase / 2 = 203 mm
Loaded length of base; lload = 2 ´ (lbase - `x) = 3443 mm
Bearing pressure at toe; qtoe = 0 kN/m2
Bearing pressure at heel; qheel = Ftotal_v / lload = 90.7 kN/m2
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 9
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Effective overburden pressure; q = (tbase + dcover) ´ gb' - (tbase + dcover + hwater) ´ gw' = 6.4 kN/m 2
Design effective overburden pressure; q' = q / gg = 6.4 kN/m2
Bearing resistance factors; Nq = Exp(p ´ tan(f'b.d)) ´ (tan(45 deg + f'b.d / 2))2 = 18.401
Nc = (Nq - 1) ´ cot(f'b.d) = 30.14
Ng = 2 ´ (Nq - 1) ´ tan(f'b.d) = 20.093
Foundation shape factors; sq = 1
sg = 1
sc = 1
Load inclination factors; H = Fsur_h + Fsat_h + Fwater_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h = 19.8 kN/m
V = Ftotal_v = 312.2 kN/m
m=2
iq = [1 - H / (V + lload ´ c'b.d ´ cot(f'b.d))]m = 0.877
ig = [1 - H / (V + lload ´ c'b.d ´ cot(f'b.d))](m + 1) = 0.822
ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc ´ tan(f'b.d)) = 0.87
Net ultimate bearing capacity; nf = c'b.d ´ Nc ´ sc ´ ic + q' ´ Nq ´ sq ´ iq + 0.5 ´ (gb' - gw') ´ lload ´ Ng ´ sg
´ ig
nf = 392.9 kN/m 2
Factor of safety; FoSbp = nf / max(qtoe, qheel) = 4.334
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds maximum applied bearing pressure
Partial factors on actions - Table A.3 - Combination 2
Permanent unfavourable action; gG = 1.00
Permanent favourable action; gGf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action; gQ = 1.30
Variable favourable action; gQf = 0.00
;Partial factors for soil parameters – Table A.4 - Combination 2
Angle of shearing resistance; gf' = 1.25
Effective cohesion; gc' = 1.25
Weight density; gg = 1.00
;Water properties
Design water density; gw' = gw / gg = 9.8 kN/m 3

;Retained soil properties

Design moist density; gmr' = gmr / gg = 20 kN/m3
Design saturated density; gsr' = gsr / gg = 22 kN/m3
Design effective shear resistance angle; f'r.d = atan(tan(f'r.k) / gf') = 24.8 deg
Design wall friction angle; dr.d = atan(tan(dr.k) / gf') = 0 deg

Base soil properties

Design soil density; gb' = gb / gg = 20 kN/m3
Design effective shear resistance angle; f'b.d = atan(tan(f'b.k) / gf') = 24.8 deg
Design wall friction angle; db.d = atan(tan(db.k) / gf') = 12.1 deg
Design base friction angle; dbb.d = atan(tan(dbb.k) / gf') = 24.8 deg
;Design effective cohesion; c'b.d = c'b.k / gc' = 0 kN/m2

Using Coulomb theory

Active pressure coefficient; KA = sin(a + f'r.d)2 / (sin(a)2 ´ sin(a - dr.d) ´ [1 + Ö[sin(f'r.d + dr.d) ´
sin(f'r.d - b) / (sin(a - dr.d) ´ sin(a + b))]]2) = 0.409
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 10
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Passive pressure coefficient; KP = sin(90 - f'b.d)2 / (sin(90 + db.d) ´ [1 - Ö[sin(f'b.d + db.d) ´ sin(f'b.d) /
(sin(90 + db.d))]]2) = 3.473

Sliding check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = gGf ´ Astem ´ gstem = 30.6 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = gGf ´ Abase ´ gbase = 33.7 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = gGf ´ Asat ´ (gsr' - gw') = 32 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = gGf ´ Awater ´ gw' = 25.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = gGf ´ Amoist ´ gmr' = 52.5 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_v = gGf ´ Aexc ´ gb' = 20 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fexc_v + Fwater_v = 194.6 kN/m

Horizontal forces on wall

Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´ gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ heff = 20.5 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr' - gw') ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 11 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gG ´ gw' ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 21.6 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = gG ´ KA ´ gmr' ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat
+ hbase)) = 42.6 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h = 95.7 kN/m

Check stability against sliding

Base soil resistance; Fexc_h = gGf ´ KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = 24.5 kN/m
Base friction; Ffriction = Ftotal_v ´ tan(dbb.d) = 89.9 kN/m
Resistance to sliding; Frest = Fexc_h + Ffriction = 114.4 kN/m
Factor of safety; FoSsl = Frest / Ftotal_h = 1.195
PASS - Resistance to sliding is greater than sliding force
Overturning check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = gGf ´ Astem ´ gstem = 30.6 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = gGf ´ Abase ´ gbase = 33.7 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = gGf ´ Asat ´ (gsr' - gw') = 32 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = gGf ´ Awater ´ gw' = 25.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = gGf ´ Amoist ´ gmr' = 52.5 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_v = gGf ´ Aexc ´ gb' = 20 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fexc_v + Fwater_v = 194.6 kN/m

Horizontal forces on wall

Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´ gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ heff = 20.5 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr' - gw') ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 11 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gG ´ gw' ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 21.6 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = gG ´ KA ´ gmr' ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat
+ hbase)) = 42.6 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_h = -gGf ´ KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = -24.5 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fexc_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h = 71.2 kN/m
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 11
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Overturning moments on wall

Surcharge load; Msur_OT = Fsur_h ´ xsur_h = 39.4 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat_OT = Fsat_h ´ xsat_h = 7.7 kNm/m
Water; Mwater_OT = Fwater_h ´ xwater_h = 15.1 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_OT = Fmoist_h ´ xmoist_h = 65.2 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_OT = Msat_OT + Mmoist_OT + Mwater_OT + Msur_OT = 127.5 kNm/m

Restoring moments on wall

Wall stem; Mstem_R = Fstem ´ xstem = 66.6 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase_R = Fbase ´ xbase = 64.8 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat_R = Fsat_v ´ xsat_v = 99.2 kNm/m
Water; Mwater_R = Fwater_v ´ xwater_v = 79.8 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_R = Fmoist_v ´ xmoist_v = 162.8 kNm/m
Base soil; Mexc_R = Fexc_v ´ xexc_v - Fexc_h ´ xexc_h = 27 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_R = Mstem_R + Mbase_R + Msat_R + Mmoist_R + Mexc_R + Mwater_R =
500.2 kNm/m
Check stability against overturning
Factor of safety; FoSot = Mtotal_R / Mtotal_OT = 3.924
PASS - Maximum restoring moment is greater than overturning moment
Bearing pressure check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = gG ´ Astem ´ gstem = 30.6 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = gG ´ Abase ´ gbase = 33.7 kN/m
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ lheel = 19.5 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = gG ´ Asat ´ (gsr' - gw') = 32 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = gG ´ Awater ´ gw' = 25.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = gG ´ Amoist ´ gmr' = 52.5 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_v = gG ´ Apass ´ gb' = 40 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fpass_v + Fwater_v + Fsur_v =
234.1 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´ gQ ´ SurchargeQ ´ heff = 20.5 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr' - gw') ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 11 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gG ´ gw' ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 21.6 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = gG ´ KA ´ gmr' ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat
+ hbase)) = 42.6 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_h = -gGf ´ KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = -61.9 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = max(Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h - Ftotal_v ´
tan(dbb.d), 0 kN/m) = 0 kN/m

Moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem = Fstem ´ xstem = 66.6 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase = Fbase ´ xbase = 64.8 kNm/m
Surcharge load; Msur = Fsur_v ´ xsur_v - Fsur_h ´ xsur_h = 21 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat = Fsat_v ´ xsat_v - Fsat_h ´ xsat_h = 91.5 kNm/m
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 12
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Water; Mwater = Fwater_v ´ xwater_v - Fwater_h ´ xwater_h = 64.7 kNm/m

Moist retained soil; Mmoist = Fmoist_v ´ xmoist_v - Fmoist_h ´ xmoist_h = 97.6 kNm/m
Base soil; Mpass = Fpass_v ´ xpass_v - Fpass_h ´ xpass_h = 67.9 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msat + Mmoist + Mpass + Mwater + Msur = 474.1
kNm/m
Check bearing pressure
Distance to reaction; `x = Mtotal / Ftotal_v = 2025 mm
Eccentricity of reaction; e = `x - lbase / 2 = 100 mm
Loaded length of base; lload = 2 ´ (lbase - `x) = 3649 mm
Bearing pressure at toe; qtoe = 0 kN/m2
Bearing pressure at heel; qheel = Ftotal_v / lload = 64.1 kN/m2
Effective overburden pressure; q = (tbase + dcover) ´ gb' - (tbase + dcover + hwater) ´ gw' = 6.4 kN/m 2
Design effective overburden pressure; q' = q / gg = 6.4 kN/m2
Bearing resistance factors; Nq = Exp(p ´ tan(f'b.d)) ´ (tan(45 deg + f'b.d / 2))2 = 10.431
Nc = (Nq - 1) ´ cot(f'b.d) = 20.418
Ng = 2 ´ (Nq - 1) ´ tan(f'b.d) = 8.712
Foundation shape factors; sq = 1
sg = 1
sc = 1
Load inclination factors; H = Fsur_h + Fsat_h + Fwater_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h = 33.8 kN/m
V = Ftotal_v = 234.1 kN/m
m=2
iq = [1 - H / (V + lload ´ c'b.d ´ cot(f'b.d))]m = 0.732
ig = [1 - H / (V + lload ´ c'b.d ´ cot(f'b.d))](m + 1) = 0.626
ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc ´ tan(f'b.d)) = 0.704
Net ultimate bearing capacity; nf = c'b.d ´ Nc ´ sc ´ ic + q' ´ Nq ´ sq ´ iq + 0.5 ´ (gb' - gw') ´ lload ´ Ng ´ sg
´ ig
nf = 150.3 kN/m 2
Factor of safety; FoSbp = nf / max(qtoe, qheel) = 2.343
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds maximum applied bearing pressure

RETAINING WALL DESIGN

In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated January 2008 and the UK National Annex
incorporating National Amendment No.1
Tedds calculation version 2.6.09

Concrete details - Table 3.1 - Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete
Concrete strength class; C30/37
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 37 N/mm2
Mean value of compressive cylinder strength; fcm = fck + 8 N/mm2 = 38 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength; fctm = 0.3 N/mm2 ´ (fck / 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 2.9 N/mm2
5% fractile of axial tensile strength; fctk,0.05 = 0.7 ´ fctm = 2.0 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ecm = 22 kN/mm2 ´ (fcm / 10 N/mm2)0.3 = 32837 N/mm2
Partial factor for concrete - Table 2.1N; gC = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient - cl.3.1.6(1); acc = 0.85
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 13
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

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Design compressive concrete strength - exp.3.15; f cd = acc ´ fck / gC = 17.0 N/mm2

Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm

Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fyk = 500 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement; Es = 200000 N/mm2
Partial factor for reinforcing steel - Table 2.1N; gS = 1.15
Design yield strength of reinforcement; fyd = fyk / gS = 435 N/mm2

Cover to reinforcement
Front face of stem; csf = 40 mm
Rear face of stem; csr = 50 mm
Top face of base; cbt = 50 mm
Bottom face of base; cbb = 75 mm

Check stem design at base of stem

Depth of section; h = 350 mm
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 14
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

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Rectangular section in flexure - Section 6.1

Design bending moment combination 1; M = 103.6 kNm/m
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - csr - fsr / 2 = 292 mm
K = M / (d2 ´ fck) = 0.041
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(0.5 + 0.5 ´ (1 - 3.53 ´ K)0.5, 0.95) ´ d = 277 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5 ´ (d – z) = 37 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asr.req = M / (fyd ´ z) = 859 mm2/m
Tension reinforcement provided; 16 dia.bars @ 175 c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asr.prov = p ´ fsr2 / (4 ´ ssr) = 1149 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N; Asr.min = max(0.26 ´ fctm / fyk, 0.0013) ´ d = 440 mm2/m
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3); Asr.max = 0.04 ´ h = 14000 mm2/m
max(Asr.req, Asr.min) / Asr.prov = 0.748
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Deflection control - Section 7.4
Reference reinforcement ratio; r0 = Ö(fck / 1 N/mm2) / 1000 = 0.005
Required tension reinforcement ratio; r = Asr.req / d = 0.003
Required compression reinforcement ratio; r' = Asr.2.req / d2 = 0.000
Structural system factor - Table 7.4N; Kb = 0.4
Reinforcement factor - exp.7.17; Ks = min(500 N/mm2 / (fyk ´ Asr.req / Asr.prov), 1.5) = 1.337
Limiting span to depth ratio - exp.7.16.a; Ks ´ Kb ´ [11 + 1.5 ´ Ö(fck / 1 N/mm2) ´ r0 / r + 3.2 ´ Ö(fck / 1 N/mm2) ´
(r0 / r - 1)3/2] = 21.6
Actual span to depth ratio; hstem / d = 12
PASS - Span to depth ratio is less than deflection control limit
Crack control - Section 7.3
Limiting crack width; wmax = 0.3 mm
Variable load factor - EN1990 – Table A1.1; y2 = 0.6
Serviceability bending moment; Msls = 66.3 kNm/m
Tensile stress in reinforcement; ss = Msls / (Asr.prov ´ z) = 208.1 N/mm2
Load duration; Long term
Load duration factor; kt = 0.4
Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = min(2.5 ´ (h - d), (h – x) / 3, h / 2) = 104500 mm2/m
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.9 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; rp.eff = Asr.prov / Ac.eff = 0.011
Modular ratio; ae = Es / Ecm = 6.091
Bond property coefficient; k1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k2 = 0.5
k3 = 3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing - exp.7.11; sr.max = k3 ´ csr + k1 ´ k2 ´ k4 ´ fsr / rp.eff = 417 mm
Maximum crack width - exp.7.8; wk = sr.max ´ max(ss – kt ´ (fct.eff / rp.eff) ´ (1 + ae ´ rp.eff), 0.6 ´ ss) / Es
wk = 0.261 mm
wk / wmax = 0.869
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 15
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width

Rectangular section in shear - Section 6.2
Design shear force; V = 87.5 kN/m
CRd,c = 0.18 / gC = 0.120
k = min(1 + Ö(200 mm / d), 2) = 1.828
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; rl = min(Asr.prov / d, 0.02) = 0.004
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm ´ k3/2 ´ fck0.5 = 0.474 N/mm2
Design shear resistance - exp.6.2a & 6.2b; VRd.c = max(CRd.c ´ k ´ (100 N2/mm4 ´ rl ´ fck)1/3, vmin) ´ d
VRd.c = 145.8 kN/m
V / VRd.c = 0.600
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Horizontal reinforcement parallel to face of stem - Section 9.6
Minimum area of reinforcement – cl.9.6.3(1); Asx.req = max(0.25 ´ Asr.prov, 0.001 ´ tstem) = 350 mm2/m
Maximum spacing of reinforcement – cl.9.6.3(2); ssx_max = 400 mm
Transverse reinforcement provided; 10 dia.bars @ 200 c/c
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; Asx.prov = p ´ fsx2 / (4 ´ ssx) = 393 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Check base design at toe
Depth of section; h = 350 mm

Rectangular section in flexure - Section 6.1

Design bending moment combination 2; M = 51.6 kNm/m
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cbb - fbb / 2 = 267 mm
K = M / (d2 ´ fck) = 0.024
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(0.5 + 0.5 ´ (1 - 3.53 ´ K)0.5, 0.95) ´ d = 254 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5 ´ (d – z) = 33 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Abb.req = M / (fyd ´ z) = 468 mm2/m
Tension reinforcement provided; 16 dia.bars @ 175 c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Abb.prov = p ´ fbb2 / (4 ´ sbb) = 1149 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N; Abb.min = max(0.26 ´ fctm / fyk, 0.0013) ´ d = 402 mm2/m
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3); Abb.max = 0.04 ´ h = 14000 mm2/m
max(Abb.req, Abb.min) / Abb.prov = 0.408
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control - Section 7.3
Limiting crack width; wmax = 0.3 mm
Variable load factor - EN1990 – Table A1.1; y2 = 0.6
Serviceability bending moment; Msls = 33.3 kNm/m
Tensile stress in reinforcement; ss = Msls / (Abb.prov ´ z) = 114.3 N/mm2
Load duration; Long term
Load duration factor; kt = 0.4
Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = min(2.5 ´ (h - d), (h – x) / 3, h / 2) = 105542 mm2/m
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.9 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; rp.eff = Abb.prov / Ac.eff = 0.011
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 16
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Modular ratio; ae = Es / Ecm = 6.091

Bond property coefficient; k1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k2 = 0.5
k3 = 3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing - exp.7.11; sr.max = k3 ´ cbb + k1 ´ k2 ´ k4 ´ fbb / rp.eff = 505 mm
Maximum crack width - exp.7.8; wk = sr.max ´ max(ss – kt ´ (fct.eff / rp.eff) ´ (1 + ae ´ rp.eff), 0.6 ´ ss) / Es
wk = 0.173 mm
wk / wmax = 0.577
PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
Rectangular section in shear - Section 6.2
Design shear force; V = 59.8 kN/m
CRd,c = 0.18 / gC = 0.120
k = min(1 + Ö(200 mm / d), 2) = 1.865
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; rl = min(Abb.prov / d, 0.02) = 0.004
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm ´ k3/2 ´ fck0.5 = 0.488 N/mm2
Design shear resistance - exp.6.2a & 6.2b; VRd.c = max(CRd.c ´ k ´ (100 N2/mm4 ´ rl ´ fck)1/3, vmin) ´ d
VRd.c = 140.2 kN/m
V / VRd.c = 0.427
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check base design at heel
Depth of section; h = 350 mm

Rectangular section in flexure - Section 6.1

Design bending moment combination 2; M = 30.8 kNm/m
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cbt - fbt / 2 = 294 mm
K = M / (d2 ´ fck) = 0.012
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(0.5 + 0.5 ´ (1 - 3.53 ´ K)0.5, 0.95) ´ d = 279 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5 ´ (d – z) = 37 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Abt.req = M / (fyd ´ z) = 254 mm2/m
Tension reinforcement provided; 12 dia.bars @ 200 c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Abt.prov = p ´ fbt2 / (4 ´ sbt) = 565 mm2/m
Minimum area of reinforcement - exp.9.1N; Abt.min = max(0.26 ´ fctm / fyk, 0.0013) ´ d = 443 mm2/m
Maximum area of reinforcement - cl.9.2.1.1(3); Abt.max = 0.04 ´ h = 14000 mm2/m
max(Abt.req, Abt.min) / Abt.prov = 0.783
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control - Section 7.3
Limiting crack width; wmax = 0.3 mm
Variable load factor - EN1990 – Table A1.1; y2 = 0.6
Serviceability bending moment; Msls = 14.1 kNm/m
Tensile stress in reinforcement; ss = Msls / (Abt.prov ´ z) = 89.2 N/mm2
Load duration; Long term
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 17
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Load duration factor; kt = 0.4

Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = min(2.5 ´ (h - d), (h – x) / 3, h / 2) = 104417 mm2/m
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.9 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; rp.eff = Abt.prov / Ac.eff = 0.005
Modular ratio; ae = Es / Ecm = 6.091
Bond property coefficient; k1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k2 = 0.5
k3 = 3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing - exp.7.11; sr.max = k3 ´ cbt + k1 ´ k2 ´ k4 ´ fbt / rp.eff = 547 mm
Maximum crack width - exp.7.8; wk = sr.max ´ max(ss – kt ´ (fct.eff / rp.eff) ´ (1 + ae ´ rp.eff), 0.6 ´ ss) / Es
wk = 0.146 mm
wk / wmax = 0.487
PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
Rectangular section in shear - Section 6.2
Design shear force; V = 43.9 kN/m
CRd,c = 0.18 / gC = 0.120
k = min(1 + Ö(200 mm / d), 2) = 1.825
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; rl = min(Abt.prov / d, 0.02) = 0.002
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm ´ k3/2 ´ fck0.5 = 0.473 N/mm2
Design shear resistance - exp.6.2a & 6.2b; VRd.c = max(CRd.c ´ k ´ (100 N2/mm4 ´ rl ´ fck)1/3, vmin) ´ d
VRd.c = 138.9 kN/m
V / VRd.c = 0.316
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Secondary transverse reinforcement to base - Section 9.3
Minimum area of reinforcement – cl.9.3.1.1(2); Abx.req = 0.2 ´ Abb.prov = 230 mm2/m
Maximum spacing of reinforcement – cl.9.3.1.1(3); s bx_max = 450 mm
Transverse reinforcement provided; 10 dia.bars @ 200 c/c
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; Abx.prov = p ´ fbx2 / (4 ´ sbx) = 393 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 18
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 19
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

STEM DESIGN FORCES

Horizontal forces acting on the stem are considered. Load Combination 1 is the governing combination for stem design
forces. The passive pressure in front of the wall is not considered as it is not mobilised since base friction alone is sufficient
to resists the sliding force. The design forces are taken at the top of the base.

Combination 1; combination Factors

Permanent unfavourable action; gG = 1.35;
Permanent favourable action; gGf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action; gQ = 1.50;
Variable favourable action; gQf = 0.00

Partial factors for soil parameters – Table A.4 - Combination 1

Angle of shearing resistance; gf' = 1.00;
Effective cohesion; gc' = 1.00
Weight density; gg = 1.00

Soil Parameters
KA = 0.333; KP = 4.977;
Loads and Dimensions
SurchargeQ = 10.0 kN/m2; gsr = 22.0 kN/m3; gmr = 20.0 kN/m3
gw = 9.8 kN/m3; hstem = 3500.0 mm; hsat = 1750.0 mm;
hwater = 750.0 mm

Factored Horizontal forces acting on stem

Surcharge load; Fsur_hfs = gQ × KA ´ SurchargeQ ´ hstem = 17.48 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_hs = gG ´ KA ´ (gsr - gw) ´ (hsat)2 / 2 = 8.39 kN/m
Water; Fwater_hs = gG ´ gw ´ (hwater + dcover)2 / 2 = 20.28 kN/m
Moist retained soil
Above water; Fmoist_hsa = gG ´ KA ´ gmr ´ (hstem - hsat)2 / 2 = 13.77 kN/m
Below water; Fmoist_hsb = gG ´ KA ´ gmr ´ (hstem - hsat) ´hsat = 27.53 kN/m
Total; Fmoist_hs = Fmoist_hsa + Fmoist_hsb = 41.3 kN/m

The Tedds calculation result is shown in brackets () after the calculated value

Design Shear force;
Moment due to surcharge;
Moment due saturated retained soil;
Moment due Water;
Moment due moist retained soil;
Vdes_s = Fsur_hfs + Fsat_hs + Fwater_hs + Fmoist_hs = 87.46 kN/m; (87.5) P
Msur_hfs = Fsur_hfs ×hstem/2 = 30.59 kNm/m
Msat_hs = Fsat_hs × hsat/3 = 4.89 kNm/m
Mwater_hs = Fwater_hs × hsat/3 = 11.83 kNm/m
Mmoist_hs = Fmoist_hsa×(2×hsat +hstem)/3 + Fmoist_hsb × hsat/2= 56.22 kNm/m

Design moment; Mdes_s = Msur_hfs + Msat_hs + Mwater_hs + Mmoist_hs = 103.54 kNm/m; (103.6) P
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 20
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

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STEM SERVICEABILITY MOMENT

Horizontal forces acting on the stem are considered. The passive pressure in front of the wall is not considered as it is not
mobilised since base friction alone resists sliding force. The moment is taken at the top of the base. All combination
factors are set to unity other than the Variable load factor y2 from EN1990 – Table A1.1.
Combination Factors
All set to unity
Partial factors for soil parameters
All set to unity other than:
Variable load factor - EN1990 – Table A1.1; y2 = 0.6

Soil Parameters
KA = 0.333; KP = 4.977;
Loads and Dimensions
SurchargeQ = 10.0 kN/m2; gsr = 22.0 kN/m3; gmr = 20.0 kN/m3
gw = 9.8 kN/m3; hstem = 3500.0 mm; hsat = 1750.0 mm;
hwater = 750.0 mm

Factored Horizontal forces acting on stem

Surcharge load; Fsur_hfs = y2 × KA ´ SurchargeQ ´ hstem = 6.99 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_hs = KA ´ (gsr - gw) ´ (hsat)2 / 2 = 6.22 kN/m
Water; Fwater_hs = gw ´ (hwater + dcover)2 / 2 = 15.02 kN/m
Moist retained soil
Above water; Fmoist_hsa = KA ´ gmr ´ (hstem - hsat)2 / 2 = 10.20 kN/m
Below water; Fmoist_hsb = KA ´ gmr ´ (hstem - hsat) ´hsat = 20.40 kN/m
Total; Fmoist_hs = Fmoist_hsa + Fmoist_hsb = 30.6 kN/m

Service Shear force; Vdes_s = Fsur_hfs + Fsat_hs + Fwater_hs + Fmoist_hs = 58.8 kN/m;

Moment due to surcharge; Msur_hfs = Fsur_hfs ×hstem/2 = 12.24 kNm/m

Moment due saturated retained soil; Msat_hs = Fsat_hs × hsat/3 = 3.63 kNm/m
Moment due Water; Mwater_hs = Fwater_hs × hsat/3 = 8.76 kNm/m
Moment due moist retained soil; Mmoist_hs = Fmoist_hsa×(2×hsat +hstem)/3 + Fmoist_hsb × hsat/2= 41.64 kNm/m

Service moment at base of stem;

Mdes_s = Msur_hfs + Msat_hs + Mwater_hs + Mmoist_hs = 66.27 kNm/m; (66.3) P

 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 21
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

BASE DESIGN FORCE COMBINATION 1

A factored varying base pressure distribution is used for the base design forces. The total value and eccentricity of this
base pressure distribution is the same as that for the rectangular distribution reported for the Bearing Pressure check in the
calculation.
Partial factors on actions - Table A.3 - Combination 1
Permanent unfavourable action; gG = 1.35
Permanent favourable action; gGf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action; gQ = 1.50
Variable favourable action; gQf = 0.00

Varying bearing pressure distribution for design forces

Values from Tedds calculation (see Tedds calculation above for working)
Distance to total reaction force (from front of base); `x = 2128 mm
Eccentricity of reaction; e = 203 mm;
within middle third hence full contact and trapezoidal pressure distribution
Total vertical load = total bearing pressure force; F v_comb1 = 312.2 kN/m
Length of base; Lb = lbase = 3850 mm

From properties of a trapezium:

+
= ℎ
2
ℎ 2 +
=
3 +
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 22
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Since e is positive qh > qt hence let b = qh , a = qt , h = Lb and A = Fv. From above equations solving for qh and qt gives:

6 2
= −
3

6 1
ℎ = −
3

Bearing pressure at toe; qt = (6´ Fv_comb1 /Lb)´ (2/3 - `x /Lb) = 55.44 kN/m 2
Bearing pressure at heel; qh = (6´ Fv_comb1 /Lb)´ (`x /Lb - 1/3) = 106.75 kN/m2

Check total reaction; (qt + qh)´ Lb/2 = 312.20 kN/m; P

2
gradient of bearing pressure distribution; mp = (qh - qt)/Lb = 13.327 kN/m /m

Toe Design Forces at face of stem:

Length of toe; ltoe = 2000 mm

Base pressure at toe/stem interface; qt_s = qh - (Lb - ltoe)´ mp= 82.09 kN/m 2
Total reaction under toe = Shear at stem due to base pressure;
Vtoe_p = (qt + qt_s)´ ltoe /2 = 137.53 kN/m
Distance to centroid of this area of pressure diagram = lever arm for moment;
xt = [(2´ qt + qt_s)/( qt + qt_s )]´ ltoe/3 = 935 mm
Moment in base at stem due to base pressure; Mtoe_p = Vtoe_p × xt = 128.64 kNm/m

Vertical Loads
Weight of toe; W toe = gG ×ltoe × tbase ×gbase = 23.63 kN/m
Weight of soil in front of wall; W soil_f = gG × ltoe ×dcover ´ gb = 54.00 kN/m

Resulting Moments
Moment due to toe weight; Mtoe_swt = W toe × ltoe / 2 = 23.63 kNm/m
Moment due to soil in front of wall; Msoil_f = W soil_f × ltoe/2 = 54 kNm/m

Design Shear; Vdes_tc1 = Vtoe_p - (W toe + W soil_f) = 59.90 kN/m

Design moment ; Mdes_tc1 = Mtoe_p - (Mtoe_swt + Msoil_f ) = 51.02 kNm/m

 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 23
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Heel Design Forces at face of stem:

Heel length; lheel = 1500 mm

Base pressure at toe/stem interface; qh_s = qh - lheel ´ mp= 86.75 kN/m2
Shear at stem due to base pressure; Vheel_p = (qh_s + qh)´ lheel /2 = 145.12 kN/m
Distance to centroid of the pressure area; xh = lheel - [(2´ qh_s + qh)/( qh_s + qh)]´ lheel/3 = 776 mm
Moment at stem due to base pressure; Mheel_p = Vheel_p × xh = 112.59 kNm/m

Vertical Loads
Weight of surcharge; W surv_s = gQ × SurchargeQ ´ lheel = 22.5 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = gG ´ Asat ´ (gsr - gw) = 43.2 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = gG ´ Awater ´ gw = 34.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = gG ´ Amoist ´ gmr = 70.9 kN/m
Weight of heel; W heel1 = gG ×lheel × tbase ×gbase = 17.719 kN/m
Total Weight surchage, soil & heel; W total1 = W surv_s + Fsat_v + Fwater_v + Fmoist_v + W heel1= 189.1 kN/m

Moment due to surcharge; Msurv_s1 = W surv_s × lheel /2 = 16.9 kNm/m

Moment Saturated retained soil;
Moment Water;
Moment Moist retained soil;
Moment due to heel swt;
Total moment surchage, soil & heel;
Msat_v = Fsat_v × lheel /2 = 32.4 kNm/m
Mwater_v = Fwater_v × lheel /2 = 26.1 kNm/m
Mmoist_v = Fmoist_v × lheel /2 = 53.2 kNm/m
Mheel_swt1 = W heel1 × lheel/2 = 13.289 kNm/m
Mtotal1 = Msurv_s1 + Msat_v + Mwater_v + Mmoist_v + Mheel_swt1 = 141.8 kNm/m

Design Shear; Vdes_hc1 = abs(Vheel_p - Wtotal1) = 43.93 kN/m

Design moment; Mdes_hc1 = abs(Mheel_p – Mtotal1) = 29.20 kNm/m

 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 24
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

BASE DESIGN FORCES COMBINATION 2

Partial factors on actions - Table A.3 - Combination 2
Permanent unfavourable action; gG = 1.00
Permanent favourable action; gGf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action; gQ = 1.3
Variable favourable action; gQf = 0.00

Varying bearing pressure distribution for design

Distance to reaction; `x = 2025 mm

Eccentricity of reaction; e = 100 mm;
within middle third hence full contact and trapezoidal pressure distribution
Total Reaction = total bearing pressure force; Fv_comb2 = 234.1 kN/m
Length of base; Lb = lbase = 3850 mm
Bearing pressure at toe; qt = (6´ Fv_comb2 /Lb)´ (2/3 - `x /Lb) = 51.33 kN/m 2
Bearing pressure at heel; qh = (6´ Fv_comb2 /Lb)´ (`x /Lb - 1/3) = 70.28 kN/m2

Check total reaction force; (qt + qh)´ Lb/2 = 234.10 kN/m; P

Gradient of bearing pressure diagram; mp = (qh - qt)/Lb = 4.923 kN/m2/m
 Project
Section
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997)
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by
Tel: 0113 887 9790
Toe Design Forces at face of stem:
Length of toe;
Base pressure at toe/stem interface;
Shear at stem due to base pressure;
Distance to centroid of this pressure area;
Moment in base at stem due to base pressure;
Vertical Loads
Weight of toe;
Weight of soil in front of wall;
Resulting Moments
Moment due to toe weight;
Moment due to soil in front of wall;
Design Shear;
Design moment ;
Heel Design Forces at face of stem:
heel length;
base pressure at toe/stem interface;
Shear at stem due to base pressure;
Distance to centroid of this pressure area;
Moment at stem due to base pressure;
Vertical Loads
Weight of surcharge;
Saturated retained soil;
Water;
Moist retained soil;
Weight of heel;
Total Weight surchage, soil & heel;
Moment due to surcharge;
Moment Saturated retained soil;
Moment Water;
Moment Moist retained soil;
Moment due to heel swt;
Total moment surchage, soil & heel;
Design Shear;
Design moment;
Job Ref.
Tedds Worked Examples
Sheet no./rev.
25
Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JK 7/27/2016
ltoe = 2000 mm
qt_s = qh - (Lb - ltoe)´ mp= 61.17 kN/m 2
Vtoe_p = (qt + qt_s)´ ltoe /2 = 112.50 kN/m
xt = [(2´ qt + qt_s)/( qt + qt_s )]´ ltoe/3 = 971 mm
Mtoe_p = Vtoe_p × xt = 109.22 kNm/m
W toe = gG ×ltoe × tbase ×gbase = 17.50 kN/m
W soil_f = gG × ltoe ×dcover ´ gb = 40.00 kN/m
Mtoe_swt = W toe × ltoe / 2 = 17.50 kNm/m
Msoil_f = W soil_f × ltoe/2 = 40 kNm/m
Vdes_tc2 = Vtoe_p - (W toe + W soil_f) = 55.00 kN/m
Mdes_tc2 = Mtoe_p - (Mtoe_swt + Msoil_f ) = 51.72 kNm/m
lheel = 1500 mm
qh_s = qh - lheel ´ mp= 62.90 kN/m2
Vheel_p = (qh_s + qh)´ lheel /2 = 99.88 kN/m
xh = lheel - [(2´ qh_s + qh)/( qh_s + qh)]´ lheel/3 = 764 mm
Mheel_p = Vheel_p × xh = 76.30 kNm/m
W surv_s = gQ × SurchargeQ ´ lheel = 19.5 kN/m
Fsat_v = gG ´ Asat ´ (gsr - gw) = 32 kN/m
Fwater_v = gG ´ Awater ´ gw = 25.8 kN/m
Fmoist_v = gG ´ Amoist ´ gmr = 52.5 kN/m
W heel1 = gG ×lheel × tbase ×gbase = 13.125 kN/m
W total2 = W surv_s + Fsat_v + Fwater_v + Fmoist_v + W heel1= 142.9 kN/m
Msurv_s1 = W surv_s × lheel /2 = 14.6 kNm/m
Msat_v = Fsat_v × lheel /2 = 24 kNm/m
Mwater_v = Fwater_v × lheel /2 = 19.3 kNm/m
Mmoist_v = Fmoist_v × lheel /2 = 39.4 kNm/m
Mheel_swt1 = W heel1 × lheel/2 = 9.844 kNm/m
Mtotal2 = Msurv_s1 + Msat_v + Mwater_v + Mmoist_v + Mheel_swt1 = 107.2 kNm/m
Vdes_hc2 = abs(Vheel_p - Wtotal2) = 42.99 kN/m
Mdes_hc2 = abs(Mheel_p - Mtotal2) = 30.86 kNm/m
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 26
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Final Base Design Forces

The final design force are the worst cases of Combinations 1 and 2.

Design Values from Combination 1

Vdes_tc1 = 59.90 kN/m; Governs

Mdes_tc1 = 51.02 kNm/m
Vdes_hc1 = 43.93 kN/m; Governs
Mdes_hc1 = 29.20 kNm/m

Design Values from Combination 2

Vdes_tc2 = 55.00 kN/m

Mdes_tc2 = 51.72 kNm/m; Governs
Vdes_hc2 = 42.99 kN/m
Mdes_hc2 = 30.86 kNm/m; Governs

TOE

Design Shear; Vdes_T = max(Vdes_tc1, Vdes_tc2) = 59.90 kN/m; (59.8) P

Design Moment; Mdes_T = max(Mdes_tc1, Mdes_tc2 ) = 51.72 kNm/m; (51.6) P
HEEL

Design Shear; Vdes_H = max(Vdes_hc1, Vdes_hc2) = 43.93 kN/m; (43.9) P

Design Moment; Mdes_H = max(Mdes_hc1, Mdes_hc2 ) = 30.86 kNm/m ; (30.8) P
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 27
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

BASE SERVICEABILITY FORCES

An unfactored varying base pressure distribution is used consistent with the ULS analysis results. All combination factors
are set to unity other than the Variable load factor y2 from EN1990 – Table A1.1.
Partial factors on actions - Table A.3 - Combination 1
All set = 1.0
Variable load factor - EN1990 – Table A1.1; y2 = 0.6

Partial factors for soil parameters – Table A.4 - Combination 1

All set = 1.0
Retained soil properties
Design effective shear resistance angle; f'r.d = 30 deg
Design wall friction angle; dr.d = 0 deg

Base soil properties

Design effective shear resistance angle; f'b.d = 30 deg
Design wall friction angle; db.d = 15 deg
Design base friction angle; dbb.d = 30 deg

Using Coulomb theory

Active pressure coefficient; KA = 0.333
Passive pressure coefficient; KP = 4.977

Unfactored Vertical forces on wall

Wall stem; Fstem = Astem ´ gstem = 30.6 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = Abase ´ gbase = 33.7 kN/m
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = SurchargeQ ´ lheel = 15 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = Asat ´ (gsr - gw) = 32 kN/m
Water; Fwater_v = Awater ´ gw = 25.8 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist ´ gmr = 52.5 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_v = Apass ´ gb = 40 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsat_v + Fmoist_v + Fpass_v + Fwater_v + Fsur_v =
229.6 kN/m
Unfactored Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA ´SurchargeQ ´ heff = 12.8 kN/m
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = KA ´ (gsr - gw) ´ (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 9 kN/m
Water; Fwater_h = gw ´ (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 21.6 kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA ´ gmr ´ ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) ´ (hsat + hbase)) = 34.7 kN/m
Passive pressure in front of wall; Fpass_h = max(-KP ´ cos(db.d) ´ gb' ´ (dcover + hbase)2 / 2, -(Fsat_h + Fmoist_h
+ Fwater_h + Fsur_h)) = -78.1 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = max(Fsat_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h + Fwater_h + Fsur_h - Ftotal_v ´
tan(dbb.d), 0 kN/m) = 0 kN/m
(Note there has been a change to earlier versions in the expression for passive pressure in front of the wall Fpass_h such that
it can be no greater than the total of the lateral forces acting in the opposite direction and thus moblizing this pressure. This
has a marginal effect in the example)
 Project Job Ref.

Tedds Worked Examples

Section Sheet no./rev.
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997) 28
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date

Tel: 0113 887 9790 JK 7/27/2016

Unfactored Moments on wall

Wall stem; Mstem = Fstem ´ xstem = 66.6 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase = Fbase ´ xbase = 64.8 kNm/m
Surcharge load; Msur = Fsur_v ´ xsur_v - Fsur_h ´ xsur_h = 21.8 kNm/m
Saturated retained soil; Msat = Fsat_v ´ xsat_v - Fsat_h ´ xsat_h = 92.9 kNm/m
Water; Mwater = Fwater_v ´ xwater_v - Fwater_h ´ xwater_h = 64.7 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist = Fmoist_v ´ xmoist_v - Fmoist_h ´ xmoist_h = 109.7 kNm/m
Base soil; Mpass = Fpass_v ´ xpass_v - Fpass_h ´ xpass_h = 75.1 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msat + Mmoist + Mpass + Mwater + Msur = 495.7
kNm/m
Serviceability bearing pressure distribution
Distance to reaction; `x = Mtotal / Ftotal_v = 2159 mm
Eccentricity of reaction; e = `x - lbase / 2 = 234 mm
within middle third hence full contact and trapezoidal pressure distribution
Total reaction; Fv = Ftotal_v = 229.6 kN/m
Length of base; Lb = lbase = 3850 mm
Bearing pressure at toe; qt = (6´ Fv /Lb)´ (2/3 - `x /Lb) = 37.85 kN/m 2
Bearing pressure at heel; qh = (6´ Fv /Lb)´ (`x /Lb - 1/3) = 81.41 kN/m 2
Check total reaction; (qt + qh)´ Lb/2 = 229.56 kN/m
Gradient of bearing pressure diagram; mp = (qh - qt)/Lb = 11.315 kN/m2/m

(Note the unfactored base pressure result diagram shown above can be obtained from the calculation by un-ticking the
‘Calculate net ultimate bearing capacity’ option in Soil Details)

Toe Design Forces at face of stem:

length of toe;
base pressure at toe/stem interface;
Shear at stem due to base pressure;
Distance to centroid of this pressure area;
Moment in base at stem due to base pressure;
ltoe = 2000 mm
qt_s = qh - (Lb - ltoe)´ mp= 60.48 kN/m 2
Vtoe_p = (qt + qt_s)´ ltoe /2 = 98.32 kN/m
xt = [(2´ qt + qt_s)/( qt + qt_s )]´ ltoe/3 = 923 mm
Mtoe_p = Vtoe_p × xt = 90.78 kNm/m
 Project
Section
Trimble Solutions (UK) Ltd
Retaining wall analysis & design (EN1992/EN1996/EN1997)
Trimble House, Gelderd Road
Morley, LS27 7JP Calc. by
Tel: 0113 887 9790
Vertical Loads
Weight of toe;
Weight of soil in front of wall;
Resulting Moments
Moment due to toe weight;
Moment due to soil in front of wall;
Toe Shear;
Toe serviceability bending moment ;
Heel Design Forces at face of stem:
heel length;
base pressure at toe/stem interface;
Shear at stem due to base pressure;
Distance to centroid of this pressure area;
Moment at stem due to base pressure;
Vertical Loads
Surcharge load;
Saturated retained soil;
Water;
Moist retained soil;
Weight of heel;
Total Weight surchage, soil & heel;
Moment due to surcharge;
Moment Saturated retained soil;
Moment Water;
Moment Moist retained soil;
Moment due to heel swt;
Total moment surchage, soil & heel;
Heel Shear;
Heel serviceability bending moment;
Job Ref.
Tedds Worked Examples
Sheet no./rev.
29
Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
JK 7/27/2016
W toe = ltoe × tbase ×gbase = 17.50 kN/m
W soil_f = ltoe ×dcover ´ gb = 40.00 kN/m
Mtoe_swt = W toe × ltoe / 2 = 17.50 kNm/m
Msoil_f = W soil_f × ltoe/2 = 40 kNm/m
Vdes_tc1 = Vtoe_p - (W toe + W soil_f) = 40.8 kN/m
Mdes_tc1 = Mtoe_p - (Mtoe_swt + Msoil_f ) = 33.28 kNm/m; (33.3) P
lheel = 1500 mm
qh_s = qh - lheel ´ mp= 64.44 kN/m2
Vheel_p = (qh_s + qh)´ lheel /2 = 109.38 kN/m
xh = lheel - [(2´ qh_s + qh)/( qh_s + qh)]´ lheel/3 = 779 mm
Mheel_p = Vheel_p × xh = 85.22 kNm/m
Fsur_v = 15 kN/m;
Fsat_v = 32 kN/m
Fwater_v = 25.8 kN/m;
Fmoist_v = 52.5 kN/m
W heel1 = lheel × tbase ×gbase = 13.125 kN/m
W total1 = Fsur_v + Fsat_v + Fwater_v + Fmoist_v + W heel1= 138.4 kN/m
Msurv_s1 = y2 × Fsur_v × lheel /2 = 6.8 kNm/m
Msat_v = Fsat_v × lheel /2 = 24 kNm/m
Mwater_v = Fwater_v × lheel /2 = 19.3 kNm/m
Mmoist_v = Fmoist_v × lheel /2 = 39.4 kNm/m
Mheel_swt1 = W heel1 × lheel/2 = 9.844 kNm/m
Mtotal1 = Msurv_s1 + Msat_v + Mwater_v + Mmoist_v + Mheel_swt1 = 99.3 kNm/m
Vdes_hc1 = abs(Vheel_p - Wtotal1) = 28.99 kN/m
Mdes_hc1 = abs(Mheel_p – Mtotal1) = 14.06 kNm/m; (14.1) P