Project Job Ref.

J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069

Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 1
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

RETAINING WALL DESIGN_GARAGE AREA

Retaining wall analysis in accordance with AS4678-2002 incorporating Amendment No.2 dated August 2008
Tedds calculation version 2.9.05

Retaining wall details

Stem type; Cantilever
Stem height; hstem = 2400 mm
Stem thickness; tstem = 190 mm
Angle to rear face of stem;  = 90 deg
Stem density; stem = 24 kN/m3
Toe length; ltoe = 1310 mm
Base thickness; tbase = 450 mm
Base density; base = 24 kN/m3
Height of retained soil; hret = 2250 mm
Angle of soil surface;  = 0 deg
Depth of cover; dcover = 0 mm
Retained soil properties
Soil type; Stiff silty clay
Soil conditions; In situ
Moist density; mr = 19 kN/m3
Saturated density; sr = 19 kN/m3
Effective internal friction angle; 'r = 25 deg
External wall friction angle; r = 50 deg

Base soil properties

Soil type; Stiff or hard glacial silty clay
Soil conditions; In situ
Soil density; b = 21 kN/m3
Effective cohesion; c'b = 5 kN/m2
Effective internal friction angle; 'b = 25 deg
External wall friction angle; b = 50 deg
External base friction angle; bb = 50 deg
Ultimate design bearing capacity; Pbearing = 400 kN/m2
Loading details
Dead surcharge load; SurchargeG = 2 kN/m2
Live surcharge load; SurchargeQ = 3 kN/m2
Vertical line load at 1405 mm; PG1 = 0.2 kN/m
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 2
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

1310 190

1405

P1
150
1.9 kN/m2
2400

2250

2700
Prop
450

19.6 kN/m2

123.9 kN/m2 0 kN/m2

1500

General arrangement

Calculate retaining wall geometry

Base length; lbase = ltoe + tstem = 1500 mm
Moist soil height; hmoist = hsoil = 2250 mm
Length of surcharge load; lsur = lheel = 0 mm
- Distance to vertical component; xsur_v = lbase - lheel / 2 = 1500 mm
Effective height of wall; heff = hbase + dcover + hret = 2700 mm
- Distance to horizontal component; xsur_h = heff / 2 = 1350 mm
Area of wall stem; Astem = hstem  tstem = 0.456 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xstem = ltoe + tstem / 2 = 1405 mm
Area of wall base; Abase = lbase  tbase = 0.675 m2
- Distance to vertical component; xbase = lbase / 2 = 750 mm
Material strength uncertainty factors for Soil - Table 5.1(A)
Uncertainty factor for friction of the retained soil; ur = 0.85
Uncertainty factor for friction of the base soil; ub = 0.85
Uncertainty factor for cohesion of the base soil; uc = 0.7

Retained soil properties

Design effective internal friction angle; r = atan(ur  tan('r)) = 21.6 deg
Design external wall friction angle; r = atan(ur  tan(r)) = 45.4 deg
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 3
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

Base soil properties

Design effective internal friction angle; b = atan(ub  tan('b)) = 21.6 deg
Design cohesion; cb = uc  c'b = 3.5 kN/m2
Design external wall friction angle; b = atan(ub  tan(b)) = 45.4 deg
Design external base friction angle; bb = atan(ub  tan(bb)) = 45.4 deg

Using Coulomb theory

Active pressure coefficient; KA = sin( + r)2 / (sin()2  sin( - r)  [1 + [sin(r + r)  sin(r - ) /
(sin( - r)  sin( + ))]]2) = 0.428
Passive pressure coefficient; KP = sin(90 - b)2  cos(b) / (sin(90 + b)  [1 - [sin(b + b)  sin(b) /
(sin(90 + b))]]2) = 9.279

Load combinations for stability limit states - Appendix J3

Load combination 1; 1.25  DeadC + 1.5  LiveC < 0.8  DeadR

Overturning check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = 0.8  Astem  stem = 8.8 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = 0.8  Abase  base = 13 kN/m
Line loads; FP_v = 0.8  PG1 = 0.2 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + FP_v = 21.9 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA  cos(r)  (1.25  SurchargeG + 1.5  SurchargeQ)  heff = 5.2
kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = 1.25  KA  cos(r)  mr  heff2 / 2 = 23.8 kN/m
Base soil; Fexc_h = -0.8  KP  cos(b)  b  (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = -10.1 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsur_h + Fmoist_h + Fexc_h = 18.9 kN/m
Overturning moments on wall
Surcharge load; Msur_OT = Fsur_h  xsur_h = 7 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_OT = Fmoist_h  xmoist_h = 21.4 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_OT = Msur_OT + Mmoist_OT = 28.5 kNm/m
Restoring moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem_R = Fstem  xstem = 12.3 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase_R = Fbase  xbase = 9.7 kNm/m
Line loads; MP_R = abs(0.8  PG1)  p1 = 0.2 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal_R = Mstem_R + Mbase_R + MP_R = 22.2 kNm/m
Check stability against overturning
Factor of safety; FoSot = Mtotal_R / Mtotal_OT = 0.781
FAIL - Overturning moment is greater than maximum restoring moment
Bearing pressure check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = 1.25  Astem  stem = 13.7 kN/m
Wall base; Fbase = 1.25  Abase  base = 20.3 kN/m
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 4
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

Line loads; FP_v = 1.25  PG1 = 0.3 kN/m

Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + FP_v = 34.2 kN/m
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA  cos(r)  (1.25  SurchargeG + 1.5  SurchargeQ)  heff = 5.2
kN/m
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = 1.25  KA  cos(r)  mr  heff2 / 2 = 23.8 kN/m
Base soil; Fpass_h = -0.8  KP  cos(b)  b  (dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = -10.1 kN/m
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsur_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h = 18.9 kN/m
Moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem = Fstem  xstem = 19.2 kNm/m
Wall base; Mbase = Fbase  xbase = 15.2 kNm/m
Surcharge load; Msur = -Fsur_h  xsur_h = -7 kNm/m
Line loads; MP = 1.25  PG1  p1 = 0.4 kNm/m
Moist retained soil; Mmoist = -Fmoist_h  xmoist_h = -21.4 kNm/m
Total; Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msur + MP + Mmoist = 6.3 kNm/m
Check bearing pressure
Propping force; Fprop_base = Ftotal_h = 18.9 kN/m
Distance to reaction; x = Mtotal / Ftotal_v = 184 mm
Eccentricity of reaction; e = x - lbase / 2 = -566 mm
Loaded length of base; lload = 3  x = 552 mm
Bearing pressure at toe; qtoe = 2  Ftotal_v / lload = 123.9 kN/m2
Bearing pressure at heel; qheel = 0 kN/m2
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds maximum applied bearing pressure

RETAINING WALL DESIGN_GARAGE AREA

Retaining wall design in accordance with AS3600-2018 incorporating Amendment Nos.1 and 2 dated May 2021 and
AS3700-2011 incorporating Amendment No.1 dated September 2012
Tedds calculation version 2.9.05

Properties of concrete - Section 3.1

Characteristic compressive strength of concrete; f'c = 25 MPa
Characteristic flexural tensile strength of concrete - cl.3.1.1.3
f'ct.f = 0.6 MPa  [f'c / 1 MPa] = 3 MPa
Concrete shear strength - cl.8.2.7.1; fcv = min(f'c1/3  (1 MPa)2/3, 4 MPa) = 2.924 MPa
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Calculate compressive stress factor - exp.8.1.3(1); 2 = max(0.67, 0.85 - 0.0015  f'c / 1 MPa) = 0.813
Calculate stress block factor - exp.8.1.3(2);  = max(0.67, 0.97 - 0.0025  f'c / 1 MPa) = 0.908

Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fsy = 500 MPa
Class of reinforcement; N
Exposure classification; A2
Shear strength of reinforcement - cl.8.8; fvs = 17.5 MPa
Cover to reinforcement
Top face of base; cbt = 50 mm
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 5
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

Bottom face of base; cbb = 50 mm

Masonry details
Hollow concrete units face bedded with M3 class mortar, fully grouted
Characteristic unconfined compressive strength; f'uc = 50 MPa
Characteristic lateral modulus of rupture; f'ut = 0.8 MPa
Thickness of unit; tb = 190 mm
Length of unit; lb = 390 mm
Height of unit; hb = 190 mm
Joint thickness; tj = 10 mm
Face shell thickness; twf = 32 mm
End shell thickness; twe = 32 mm
Internal web thickness; twi = 32 mm
Depth of cavity; tc = tb - 2  twf = 126 mm
Length of cavity; lc = (lb - twi - 2  twe) / 2 = 147 mm
Characteristic compressive strength of grout; f'c,grout = 25 MPa
390 10

32

95
190

126
32

1 47 147
32

32

32

Masonry design properties

Compressive strength - cl.3.3.2; f'm = 1.3  (hb / (19  tj))0.29  1.6  (f'uc  1 MPa) = 14.708 MPa
Tensile strength - cl.3.3.3; f'mt = 0 MPa
Shear strength - cl.8.8; f'vm = 0.35 MPa
Elastic moduli for short term loading - Table 3.4; Em = 1000  f'c = 25000 MPa
Elastic moduli for long term loading - Table 3.4; EL = 350  f'c = 8750 MPa

Load combinations for strength limit states - Appendix J2

Load combination no.1; 1.25  Dead + 1.5  Live
Load combination no.2; 0.8  Dead + 1.5  Live
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 6
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

Shear force - Combination No.1 - kN/m Bending moment - Combination No.1 - kNm/m
Loading details - Combination No.1 - kN/m 2

0.69
1.24

Stem

27.1
13.5

13.5

0.69
1.24
14.71
X
-20.9 17.3
Toe
Z
123.88

26.9

Shear force - Combination No.2 - kN/m Bending moment - Combination No.2 - kNm/m
Loading details - Combination No.2 - kN/m 2

0.44
1.24
Stem

19.1
8.64

8.64

0.44
1.24
9.41
X
-14.4 12.2
Toe
Z
133.03

18.8

Check stem design at base of stem

Depth of section; t = 190 mm
Masonry section properties
Total area; A = t = 190000 mm2/m
Bedded area - cl.4.5.4; Ab = 2  twf = 64000 mm2/m
Combined cross-sectional area - cl.4.5.5; Ac = Ab + 2  tc  lc / (lb + tj) = 156610 mm2/m
Design cross-sectional area - cl.4.5.6; Ad = Ac = 156610 mm2/m
Grout area - cl.4.5.7; Ag = Ad - Ab = 92610 mm2/m
Design section modulus - cl.4.5.8; Zd = t2 / 6 + tc2  (2  lc / (lb + tj) - 1) / 6 = 5315477 mm3/m
Compressive strength of grout - cl.3.5; f'cg = min(f'c,grout, 1.3  f'uc) = 25 MPa
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 7
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

Structural design of reinforced masonry - Section 8

Factored bending moment combination 1;
Design compressive force;
Compressive stress on bed joints - cl.7.4.3.3;
Reinforcement provided;
Area of reinforcement provided;
Depth of reinforcement;
Design area of reinforcement;
Design area of tension reinforcement;
Capacity reduction factor - Table 4.1;
Basic compresive capacity - exp.8.5;
Vertical slenderness coefficient;
Clear height of wall;
Thickness coefficient;
Slenderness ratio - cl.7.3.4.3(4);
Slenderness reduction factor;
Compressive strength capacity - cl.8.5;
PASS - Compressive strength capacity exceeds design compressive force
Bending moment capacity - exp.8.6;
Design shear force;
Capacity reduction factor - Table 4.1;
Shear capacity - exp.8.8;
Check base design at toe
Depth of section;
Strength of section in bending - Section 8.1
Factored bending moment combination 1;
Depth to tension reinforcement;
Tension reinforcement provided;
Area of tension reinforcement provided;
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.9.1.1(b);
Neutral axis parameter;
Ultimate strength in bending;
Uncracked section modulus;
Minimum strength in bending - exp.8.1.6.1(1);
PASS - Ultimate strength in bending exceeds the minimum strength requirements
Md = 17.3 kNm/m
Fd = 1.25  (stem  hstem  A + PG1) = 13.9 kN/m
fd = min(Fd / Ad, 0.36 MPa) = 0.089 MPa
16 dia.bars @ 195 c/c
Asr.prov =   sr2 / (4  ssr) = 1031 mm2/m
d = 95 mm
Asd = min(0.29  1.3  f'm  d / fsy, Asr.prov) = 1031 mm2/m
Ast = min(Asr.prov, 0.02  d) = 1031 mm2/m
 = 0.75
Fo =   [f'm  Ab + 1.2  (f'cg / 1.3 mm2/N)  Ag + fsy  Asr.prov] = 1458.1
kN/m
av = 2.5
H = hstem = 2400 mm
kt = 1
Sr = av  H / (kt  t) = 31.579
ks = min(1.18 - 0.03  Sr, 1.0) = 0.233
ks  Fo = 339.2 kN/m
Fd / (ks  Fo) = 0.041
Mc =   fsy  Asd  d  [1 - 0.6  fsy  Asd / (1.3  f'm  d)] = 30.5 kNm/m
Md / Mc = 0.567
PASS - Bending moment capacity exceeds design bending moment
Vd = 20.9 kN/m
 = 0.75
Vc =   min(f'vm  d + fvs  Ast, 4  f'vm  d) = 38.5 kN/m
Vd / Vc = 0.543
PASS - Shear strength capacity exceeds design shear force
h = 450 mm
M = 26.9 kNm/m
d = h - cbb - bb / 2 = 392 mm
16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c
Abb.prov =   bb2 / (4  sbb) = 1005 mm2/m
smax = min(2  h, 300 mm) = 300 mm
PASS - Spacing of reinforcement is less than maximum
ku0 = Abb.prov  fsy / (2  f'c  d  ) = 0.07
ku0 < 0.36 - No compression reinforcement is required
Mu0 = Abb.prov  fsy  d  (1 -   ku0 / 2) = 190.8 kNm/m
Z = h2 / 6 = 33750000 mm3/m
Mu0_min = 1.2  Z  f'ct.f = 121.5 kNm/m
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 8
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022

Capacity reduction factor - Table 2.2.2;  = max(0.65, min(1.24 - 13  ku0 / 12, 0.85)) = 0.85
Design strength in bending - cl.8.1.5; Mu0 =   Mu0 = 162.2 kNm/m
M / Mu0 = 0.166
PASS - Design strength in bending exceeds design bending moment
Strength of section in shear - Section 8.2
Design shear strength; V = 27.136 kN/m
Effective shear depth (cl.8.2.1.9); dv = max(0.72  h, 0.9  d) = 353 mm
kv = min(200 / (1000 + 1.3  dv / 1mm), 0.15) = 0.137
Shear strength reduction factor (Table 2.2.2); v = 0.7
Shear strength with no reinforcement (cl.8.2.4.1); Vuc = kv  dv  min((f'c  1MPa), 8MPa) = 241.9 kN/m
Design shear strength with no reinforcement; Vuc = v  Vuc = 169.3 kN/m
V / Vuc = 0.16
PASS - Design shear strength exceeds design shear force
Transverse reinforcement parallel to base
Slab restrained in the secondary direction with moderate degree of control over cracking
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.9.5.3.4; Abx.req = 0.0035  min(tbase / 2, 250 mm) = 788 mm2/m
Transverse reinforcement provided; 16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; Abx.prov =   bx2 / (4  sbx) = 1005 mm2/m
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required

95

12 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

horizontal reinforcement
parallel to face of stem

16 dia.bars @ 195 c/c

16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

50

50
16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

16 dia.bars @ 200 c/c

transverse reinforcement
in base

Reinforcement details
 Project Job Ref.
J220069 - 918 Barrenjoey Rd, Palm Beach NSW 2108 J220069
Neilly Davies Consulting Engineers Section Sheet no./rev.
Lanka (Pvt) Ltd RC Block Retaing wall Design_Garage Area 9
Pirappankulam aady Road Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
Jaffna
RAM 9/13/2022 MADHU 9/13/2022 BALA 9/13/2022