Friction factor,

pressure drop, &

fouling factor
By Nisa Methilda AR/1706985810
Group 1
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Introduction
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Hello!
I am Jayden Smith
I am here because I love to give presentations.
You can find me at @username
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1.
Factor friction
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2.
Pressure Drop
Perbedaan tekanan atara dua titik didalam pipa
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Pressure Drop
Tube-shell
𝑓𝐺𝑡 2 𝐿𝑛
∆𝑃𝑡 =
2𝑔𝜌𝑡 𝑑𝑖 𝜑
Dimana,
𝑓 = faktor friksi
Gt = kecepatan massa fluisa
L = panjang tube
g = gravitasi
𝜌𝑡 = densitas fluida pada tube
𝑑𝑖 = diameter dalam tube
n = bilangan passes tube
𝜑 = rasio viskositas
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Pressure Drop
Multi-pass exchanger
𝑉2
∆𝑃𝑟 = 4n 𝜌𝑡
2𝑔
Dimana,
n = bilangan passes tube
𝑉 = kecepatan linear fluida pada tube

Total tube-side pressure drop

∆𝑃𝑇 = ∆𝑃𝑡 + ∆𝑃𝑟

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3.
Fouling Factor
Terakumulasinya padatan yang tidak dikehendaki
dipermukaan penukar panas yang terkontak dengan
fluida kerja, termasuk permukaan perpindahan
panas.
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Fouling Factor
Fouling factor tergantung pada nilai
koefisien perpindahan panas ke
seluruh permukaan bersih, Uc, dan nilai
koefisien perpindahan panas
keseluruhan untuk permukaan kotor,
Ud. Jika fouling factor makin besar
efisiensi perpindahan panas semakin
menurun dan akibatnya pressure drop
makin besar.
𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝒇 = − exchanger, untuk menghindari
𝑼𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒕𝒚 𝑼𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏
Akibat fouling factor
ukuran penukar panas menjadi lebih
besar, kehilangan energi meningkat,
waktu shut down dapat lebih panjang,
dan biaya perawatan meningkat
Pencegahan fouling factor
1. Menekan potensi fouling, misalnya
dengan penyaringan
2. Menggunakan bahan konstruksi
yang tahan terhadap korosi
3. Menepatkan nozzle ( tube side dan
shell side ) di permukaan tertinggi
atau terendah pada heat
terjadinya kantung-kantung gas
ataupun kantung volume fluida diam.
Interface gas cair merupakan lokasi
terjadinya korosi, dan kantung udara
diam memungkinkan terjadinya
pengendapan.
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Contoh Soal
Suppose the water in Example 10-2 is seawater above 125℉and a fouling
factor of 0.0002 𝑚2 · ℃/𝑊 is experienced. What is the percent reduction in
the convection heat-transfer coefficient? ℎ𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛 =1961 W/ 𝑚2 · ℃

The fouling factor influences the heat-transfer coefficient on the inside

of the pipe.We have
𝟏 𝟏
𝑹𝒇 = −
𝒉𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒕𝒚 𝒉𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏
𝟏 𝟏
0.0002 𝑚2 · ℃/𝑊 = −
𝒉𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒕𝒚 𝒉𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏

Using ℎ𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑛 =1961 W/ 𝑚2 · ℃ we obtain

ℎ𝑖 =1409 W/m2 · ℃
This is a 28 percent reduction because of the fouling factor.
12

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