Negative Phase Sequence

Protection
Overview

Negative Phase Sequence is a new protection feature on the

CAPM4/5 product.

It allows:
 More reliable detection of low-level phase-phase
faults in the presence of load current

 More reliable detection of downed conductors in

areas of high ground resistivity

 More reliable detection of open-circuit conductors

2
NPS Features
 NPS Protection can be configured to trip the recloser
or merely operate a local alarm via IOEX or to a
SCADA system via a communications protocol

 NPS Protection operates as an additional

overcurrent element in addition to phase, earth and
SEF overcurrent protection elements

 NPS Protection shares some common settings with

phase, earth and SEF overcurrent protection
elements

3
Summary of Operation
 Negative Phase Sequence current is a fictitious current
derived mathematically from the three line currents

 NPS currents are zero when line currents are balanced

 When Line currents are not balanced ( because of load

imbalances, or an open-circuit conductor, or a phase-
phase fault) NPS current is non-zero

 The NPS current is calculated in real time using the

classical Fortescue formula:
i2 = (ia +ib phase shifted 120° +ic phase shifted 240° )/3

 The calculated NPS current is then fed to the protection

algorithms in the same manner as the phase, earth and
SEF currents

4
Balanced Three Phase System
Ia = 200A 0°
Ib = 200A 240°
Ic = 200A 120°

Positive Sequence Current 197.2 A

Negative Sequence Current 0.0 A
Zero Sequence Current 0.0 A
Earth Current 0.0 A

5
Open Circuit Conductor on C Phase
Ia = 200A 0°
Ib = 200A 240°
Ic = 100A 120°

Positive Sequence Current 164.33 A

Negative Sequence Current 33.49 A
Zero Sequence Current 33.64 A
Earth Current 100.0 A

6
Effect of Phase to Phase Fault at the Recloser
Balanced
3 Phase
load
current

B-C Phase
fault at
recloser

Ia = 160 A 0° Ia = 160 A 0°
Ib = 160 A 240° Ib = 400 A 270°
Ic = 160 A 120° Ic = 400 A 90°
Ie = 0A Ie = 158 A
NPS = 0 A NPS = 177 A
7
Low Level Phase to Phase Fault in the
presence of load current
Ia = 160 A 0°
Ib = 280 A 265°
Ic = 280 A 105°
Ie = 5A
NPS = 78 A

8
NPS Protection Configuration
 NPS Protection can be
configured from the
Operator Panel or using
the Windows SOS
program on a PC

9
Negative Phase Sequence settings

10
NPS OFF Allowed/Not Allowed

11
Global NPS Protection Settings

12
NPS Protection Trip Settings

13
NPS Protection Allowed/Not Allowed

14
NPS Protection ON/OFF via WSOS

15
NPS Global Protection Settings in WSOS

16
NPS Protection Trip Settings

17
NPS Metering Screens
 NPS currents can be
viewed on the Operator
Panel or through the
Windows SOS program
on a PC

18
Negative Phase Sequence Current Display

19
WSOS Negative Phase Sequence Current
Display

20