Naturally occurring insecticide

Abhaykumar R. Vishwakarma
Msc part- ll Sem-IV
Mithibai college
Paper : III
 Contents

 Pesticide

Introduction to Naturally occurring insecticide

 Structure and biological properties of

• Pyrethrums (pyrethrin I )

• Rotenoids

• Azadirachitin
 What is Pesticide ?

• A chemical used for the control of….

– Insects
– Plant Pathogens
– Weeds
 PESTICIDES: TYPES & USES
Herbicides
•Used to control unwanted plants or weeds.

Insecticides
•Used to control insects.

Fungicides
•Used to control fungal diseases.

Miticides
•Used to control ticks & mites (Spider-like animals).
History of insecticide: DDT
 Introduction

Naturally occurring insecticide

• Many insecticidal compounds are known from plants.

Most plants make defensive compounds called allomones.
Only a few are important commercially.

• Plant-derived insecticides have largely been replaced by

synthetic materials, but there are some advantages to the
naturally occurring materials. For example, these substances
are biodegradable.

• Selectivity is needed. Compounds that are toxic to insects, but

not toxic to mammals, are preferable, of course.
 Pyrethrum(pyrathrin – I )
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium,
Asteraceae
Structure
 Biological properties
 The biological active chemicals are ester which occur in
flower head.

 Pyrethrins acts as contact poisons affecting the insects

nervous system which paralyses the insect within in 90sec

 Pyrethrins contains a synergist (piperonyl butoxide) ,

synergist work by restricting an enzyme that insect use to
detoxify the pyrethrins

 Acute toxicity in mammals is relatively low because the

pyrethrins ester are converted into nontoxic compounds

 Action of pyrethrin on cold blooded animal such as

cockroach, house flies , mosquito
 Rotenoids (Rotenone)
Rabo molle,
Derris elliptica, Lonchocarpus Legume root,
Fabaceae muehlenbergianus, Fabaceae
Fabaceae
Structu
re
 Biological properties
 Inhabit a cellular process, prevent insects of oxygen in their tissue
cells.

Their biological action is because rotenoids contain flavonoids

derivative which strongly inhabit mitochondrial respiration

Some mammalian toxicity – limits is used.

When exposed to sunlight it is easily biodegardes to form carbon

dioxide and water.

A non – polar molecule acts as acts toxic towards cold – blooded

animals but harmless to the man and enviorments

Uses: Soft bodied insects, red spider, greenfly,

caterpillar, wasps
 Azadiractin
Neem, Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae
Structure
 Biological properties

 Antifeedants are compound that prevent insect feeding

 In insect growth regulator neem destroy the insects delicate

harmonal balance so it dies before it molts to the next life
stage.

 Most effective on immature insects and species that under

go complete metamorphosis
Reference:
• The pyrethrum of flowers C. B. Gndinger

• The insect P. J. Gullan, P. S. Cranston

• WWW. Wikipedia. Com