TECHNICAL SEMINAR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
TOPIC

CRYOGENIC ROCKET ENGINE

DILIP S 1GA16ME410
Guide
C.R. Prakash Rao
Asst. Professor
Global Academy of Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 OVERVIEW
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 CONSTRUCTION
 WORKING
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATION
 FAILURE OF INDIAN CRYOGENIC ENGINE
 NEXT GENERATION ENGINES
 CONCLUSION

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 INTRODUCTION

 Cryogenic originated from two Greek word “Kyros”

which means cold or freezing “gene” which means burn or
produced .
 Cryogenic is the study of production of very low
temperature nearly about ‘123 k’ in which the material
behavior and properties are studied at that temperature.
 Cryogenic engine is a type of rocket engine designed to
use the fuel or oxidizer which must be refrigerated to
remain in liquid state.
 The liquid propellant burned to form hot reaction gas
product, which in turned are accelerated and ejected at
supersonic velocity.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 HISTORY
 USA successfully launched its 1st Atlas V rocket in
1963 .
 Firstly, Russia carried a dog named ‘Linus’ in space in
1983. Russia was first to take human in space using
sputnik.
 During this period lot of European countries were
trying their rockets with same technologies
&succeeded later, But no human being till 1985.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
TABLE 1. Development of cryogenic engine (country)

ROCKET NATION YEAR

ENGINE
RL-10 USA 1963
LE5 JAPAN 1977
HM7 FRANCE 1979
N1 RUSSIA 1983
YF-75 CHINA 1994
GSLV –D5 INDIA 2013

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 WHY CRYOGENICS?
 If propellants had been stored as pressurized gases, the
size and mass of fuel tanks themselves would severely
decrease rocket efficiency.
 To get the required mass flow rate, the only option
was to cool the propellants down
to cryogenic temperatures (below −183 °C [90 K],
−253 °C [20 K]), converting them to liquid-form.
 combination of liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel and the
liquid oxygen (LOX) oxidizer is one of the most
widely used & are easily and cheaply available.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 COMPONENTS

•Gas Generator
•Turbo Pumps
•Injector
•Combustion
Chamber
•Cooling Jacket
•Nozzle
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 WORKING

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:
1. High Energy Per Unit Mass
2. Clean Fuel
3. Economical And Easily Available

DISADVANTAGES:
1. Highly Reactive
2. Leakage
3. Hydrogen Embrittlement
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 APPLICATIONS
 Cryogenic Fuels
 Liquid Nitrogen: used as coolant and also in
cryotherapy
 Frozen Food: used in transportation of large masses of
frozen food
 Blood Bank: rare blood groups are stored in low
temperature(-165degrees)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
FAILURE OF INDIAN CRYOGENIC
ENGINE

 The flight-testing of the indigenous Cryogenic Engine

and the Stage conducted in the Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle GSLV-D3.
 GSLV-D3 vehicle lifted off as planned and was normal
up to the end of the second stage.
 But problems developed with the ignition of the
cryogenic engine in the third upper stage, which caused
tumbling, lost altitude and finally splashed down in the
sea.
 But through historical MANGALYANA ,INDIA
successfully launched and stood in 1st place of this kind.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 NEXT GENERATION ENGINES
• Generally any rocket engine burns their respective
fuels to generate the thrust. If any other engine has
capacity to generate thrust efficiently then it can be
called rocket engine.
• Currently NASA scientists are working on ‘Xenon
Ion Engine’ which accelerates the ions or atomic
particles to extremely high to create thrust more
effectively and efficiently by usage of electrostatic or
electromagnetic force by the principle of Lorentz force
or Columbian force.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 CONCLUSION
• We can conclude that as per the Newton’s third law of
mechanics: Action and Reaction are equal and
opposite in direction and magnitude. The thrust
produced in rocket engine is outwards and that in the
jet engine is inwards. Hence, the efficiency of the
cryogenic rocket engine is greater than the jet engine
and it is very much economical by the use of liquid
hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel and oxygen.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore
 THANK
YOU

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Global Academy of Technology, Bangalore