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Understanding Binomial Distribution Basics

The document provides information about the binomial distribution including: - How to recognize situations where the binomial distribution applies, such as independent trials with two possible outcomes. - How to calculate probabilities for a given binomial distribution using calculations or tables. - How to find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a binomial distribution. The mean is given by np and the variance is given by np(1-p).

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Sanaullah Khan
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133 views19 pages

Understanding Binomial Distribution Basics

The document provides information about the binomial distribution including: - How to recognize situations where the binomial distribution applies, such as independent trials with two possible outcomes. - How to calculate probabilities for a given binomial distribution using calculations or tables. - How to find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a binomial distribution. The mean is given by np and the variance is given by np(1-p).

Uploaded by

Sanaullah Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Binomial Distribution

What the binomial distribution is

How to recognise situations where the


binomial distribution applies

How to find probabilities for a given binomial


distribution, by calculation and from tables
When to use the binomial
distribution
 Independent variables
Pascal’s Triangle
(a+b) n nCr

5C0 1
1 1
5C1 5
1 2 1
5C2 10
1 3 3 1 5C3 10
1 4 6 4 1 5C4 5
1 5 10 10 5 1 5C5 1

10 ways to get to the 3rd position numbering each of the terms


from 0 to 5. this can also be calculated by using nCr button on
your calculator 5C2=10
Pascal’s Triangle
(a+b) n
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1 nCr n!÷(c!x(n-c)!)

1 4 6 4 1 5C0 5!÷(0!x5!) 1

1 5 10 10 5 1 5C1 5!÷(1!x4!) 5

5C2 5!÷(2!x3!) 10

5C3 5!÷(3!x2!) 10

5C4 5!÷(4!x1!) 5

5C5 5!÷(5!x0!) 1
A coin is tossed 7 times. Find the
probability of getting exactly 3
heads.

We could do Pascal's triangle or we could calculate:


7C3 x (P(H))7

The probability of getting a head is ½

n 7   1


7 7
7C 3   
1 35
nCr     3       35  7   0.27
r    3  2  2 128
TASK

 Exercise A Page 61
Unequal Probabilities
 A dice is rolled 5 times
 What is the probability it will show 6
exactly 3 times?
P(6’)=5/6
P(6)=1/6
 5
   5C 3  10
 3
 5  1   5 
3 2

         P(3 sixes in 5 rolls)


 3  6   6 
Task / Homework

 Exercise B Page 62
The Binomial distribution is all
about success and failure.

When to use the Binomial Distribution

– A fixed number ofX trials


– Only two outcomes
– (true, false; heads tails; girl,boy; six, not six …..)
– Each trial is independent

IF the random variable X has Binomial


distribution, then we write X ̴ B(n,p)
Sometimes you have to
use the Binomial Formula

 n  x ( n x )
P( X  x)    p  q ,
 x
where q  1  p
Eggs are packed in boxes of 12. The probability
that each egg is broken is 0.35

Find the probability in a random box of eggs:


there are 4 broken eggs

12 
P( X  4)   0.354  0.65(124)  495  0.354  0.658
4
 0.235 to 3 significan t figures
Task / homework

 Exercise C Page 65
Eggs are packed in boxes of 12. The probability
that each egg is broken is 0.35
Find the probability in a random box of eggs:

There are less than 3 broken eggs

P( X  3)  P( X  0)  P( X  1)  P( X  2)

12  12  12 


  0.35  0.65   0.35  0.65   0.352  0.65(10)
0 (12) 1 (11)

0 1 2


 11 0.005688  12  0.351  0.6511  66  0.1225  0.01346  0.0151
USING TABLES of the
Binomial distribution
An easier way to add up binomial
probabilities is to use the cumulative
binomial tables
Find the probability of getting 3 successes in 6 trials,
when n=6 and p=0.3

n=6 x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P=0.3 P(X=x) 0.1176 0.4202 0.7443 0.9295 0.9891 0.9993 1.000
n=6 x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P=0.3 P(X=x) 0.1176 0.4202 0.7443 0.9295 0.9891 0.9993 1.000

http://assets.cambridge.org/97805216/05397/excerpt/9780521605397_excerpt.pdf

The probability of getting 3 or fewer successes is found by adding:


P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) = 0.1176 + 0.3026 + 0.3241 +
0.1852 = 0.9295

The probability of getting 3 or fewer successes is found by adding:


P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) = 0.1176 + 0.3026 + 0.3241
+ 0.1852 = 0.9295

This is a cumulative probability.


Task / homework

 Exercise D page 67
Mean variance and standard deviation

 μ = Σx x P(X=x)=mean
 This is the description of how to get the mean
of a discrete and random variable defined in
previous chapter.
 The mean of a random variable whos
distribution is B(n,p) is given as:
 μ =np
Mean, variance & standard deviation

 σ²=Σx² x P(X=x) - μ²
 is the definition of variance, from the last
chapter of a discrete random variable.
 The variance of a random variable
whose distribution is B(n,p)
 σ²= np(1-p)
 σ=
np(1  p)
TASK / HOMEWORK

 Exercise E
 Mixed Questions
 Test Your self

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