Chapter 5

Telecom, Wireless & Networks

 Fundamentals
 Media, Devices, and Software
 Wireless Telecommunications
 Networks and Distributed Computing

Please discontinue use of cell

phone and turn off ringer

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 5.1

Fundamentals of
Telecommunications

Key Terms
• Telecommunications • Digital signal
• Networking media • Bandwidth
• Analog signal • Broadband

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 Telecommunications

 Telecommunications: The electronic

transmission of signals over a medium
for communications.
(cables or air)

Sender and Receiver must “speak” the same language.

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 Types of Signals
 Analog Signal:
transmit sound
using continuously
varying levels of
voltage.

 Digital Signal:
transmits data using
two discrete states of
voltage: high and low

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 Signal Frequency
 Frequency: the speed at which a signal
changes from high to low.
 Bandwidth: the range of signal frequencies
that can be sent over a given medium at the
same time.
 Often expressed as bits per second
 Broadband: faster than 200Kbps

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 5.2

Networking Media,
Devices, and Software
The fundamental components of
telecommunications networks
Key Terms
• Twisted pair cable • Network adapter
• Coaxial cable • Microwave transmission
• Fiber-optic cable • Communications satellite
• Radio wave • Ethernet
• Modem

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 Networking Media
 Twisted Pair Cable
Used for traditional phone lines, twisted pairs of
wires in plastic sheathing.

 Coaxial Cable
Used for home cable TV, thick copper core wire
– faster than twisted pair.

 Fiber Optic Cable

Thin strands of glass are used to send light beams
– highest bandwidth cable, most expensive.

 Radio Waves
Electromagnetic waves transmitted through the air
at various frequencies.

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 Radio Waves
 Radio waves use differing frequencies to carry
many types of information:
 AM & FM Radio
 Short Wave & CB Radio
 Television Broadcasts
 Garage Doors Openers
 Baby Monitors
 Cordless Phones
 Cell Phones
 Radio Controlled Cars and Airplanes
 Global Positioning Systems
 Wireless Computer Networks
 Microwave Communications
http://www.nrpb.org/understand/radiowaves/radiowaves.htm
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio-spectrum1.htm

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 300 GHz
EHF
30 GHz

2.9 GHz
SHF
Deep space radio communications (2.29-2.3 GHz)
UHF Wi-fi Wireless Networks (2.4 GHz)
Global Positioning System 1.23 and 1.58 GHz
Air traffic Control (960-1,215 MHz)
900-MHz cordless phones
Cell Phones (824-849 MHz)

328.6 MHz
VHF TV CH 7-13 (174-220 MHz)
FM Radio (88-108 MHz)
TV CH 2-6 (54-88 MHz)
Cordless Phones (40-50 MHz)
30 MHz
HF CB Radio (26.96-27.41 MHz)

3 MHz
MF AM Radio (535-1700 kHz)
300kHz
LF
30 kHz

10 kHz
VLF

The Radio Spectrum http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/

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 Networking Devices
 Modem: modulates and demodulates
signals from one form to another.

 Network Adapter: Expansion card, or

external device installed on a computing
device used to connect to a network.

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 Networking Devices
 Network Control Devices:
 Hub/Switch
 Controls flow of data between
devices on a network
 Router
 Routs packets to destinations and
connects one network to another
 Wireless Access Point
 Allows devices to connect
wirelessly to a wired network

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 Microwave Communications

High-frequency radio signals sent

up to 30 miles through the air.

13

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 Microwave Communications

!
Line-of-sight communications

14

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 Microwave Communications
SatelliteTransmission

Line-of-sight required

15

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 Networking Software

 Network administrators are responsible

for setting up and maintaining the
network.
 A network operating system
coordinates the network components to
support telecommunications.
 Ethernet is the most widely used
network standard for private networks.

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 Review

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 5.3

Wireless
Telecommunications
Technologies

Key Terms
• Cellular network • WiMAX
• Cellular carrier • Bluetooth
• Global positioning system • Radio frequency identification
• Wireless fidelity (wi-fi)

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 Cell Phone Technologies
 A cellular network is a radio network in
which a geographic area is divided into
cells, with a transmission tower and
station at the center of each cell, to
support mobile communications.

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 Cell Phone Technologies

 A cellular carrier is a company that

builds and maintains a cellular
network and provides cell phone
service to the public.

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 CDMA GSM
Verizon Cingular
GSM and CDMA Sprint
Nextel
AT&T
T-Mobile

 Digital networking standards for cell

phone networks are GSM and
CDMA.
 GSM is the most popular global
standard for mobile phones
 The CDMA networking standard is
predominantly used in the United
States where it is in equal
competition with GSM.

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 CDMA GSM
Verizon Cingular
GSM and CDMA Sprint
Nextel
AT&T
T-Mobile

 GSM Phones include a subscriber identity

module (SIM) for security and convenient
data transfer between phones.

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 Cell Phone Technologies

 Consumers choose a carrier based

on coverage area, handsets
available, and services provided –
service contracts are typically for
two years.

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 Cell Phone Technologies

 Learn about Service Plans,

Handsets, Features, and Services
by clicking the logos below.

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 Cell Phone Technologies

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 Cell Phone Technologies

 Cell phone accessories provide added

features for example…
 A 2 GB mini SD memory card can provide ample
storage digital photos, music, and video files.
 A Bluetooth headset allows you to interact with your
phone without taking it out of your pocket.
 Car chargers allow you to
charge your cell phone from
your car power supply.
 Assorted cases protect cell
phones from damage and
make them handy to access.

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 Wireless Technologies
 The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth. Aircraft Navigation

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 Wireless Technologies
 The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth. Seacraft Autopilot

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 Wireless Technologies
 The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth. Automobile Navigation

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 Wireless Technologies
 The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth. Handheld Navigation

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 Wireless Technologies
 The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
Child Safety

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 Wireless Technologies
 The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
Emergency Call

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 Wireless Technologies
 Wireless Fidelity (IEEE 802.11), or Wi-fi, is
wireless networking technology that makes use
of access points to connect devices to
networks. • 250-1,000 ft range
• 802.11b 4.5 Mbps
• 802.11g 11 Mbps
• www.boingo.com
• http://talgov.com/ci
tytlh/utilities/ubcs/c
Access anopy.html
Point

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 Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is the next
generation broadband
technology that is both faster and
has a longer range than Wi-fi –
31 miles!

Seattle’s Space Needle To

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
Become WiMax Antenna

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 Wireless Technologies
 Bluetooth is wireless technology
that enables a wide variety of
digital devices to communicate
directly.
• 33 ft range
• 1 Mbps
• www.bluetooth.com

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 Bluetooth

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 Wireless Technologies
 Infrared (IrDA) technology utilizes infrared
rays to send data over a short distance
wirelessly.
• 14 ft range
• Narrow-angle cone (30o)
• Line-of-sight
• 4-16 Mbps
• www.mzoop.com

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 Wireless Comparison

Wi-fi Access Omni- Through 250 ft 11 Mbps

point direction obstructions range
centered indoors
LAN
Bluetooth Point-to- Omni- Through 33 ft 1 Mbps
point direction obstructions

Infrared Point-to- Narrow- Line-of-sight 14 ft 4 Mbps

point angle

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 Wireless Technologies
 Radio Frequency ID (RFID) uses
tiny transponders in tags that can
be attached to merchandise or
other objects and read using an
RFID receiver or reader for the
purpose of identification.
 Privacy issues hold this
technology back from item-level
labeling and barcode
replacement.

http://www.rfidjournal.com/

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 Review

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 5.4

Networks and Distributed

Computing

Key Terms
• Personal Area Network • Wide Area Network
• Local Area Network
• Intranet
• Virtual Private Network
• Metropolitan Area Network

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 Computer Network Concepts
 Distributed Computing refers
to a computing environment
that includes multiple remote
computers that work together
to solve problems and provide
services.
 Database Servers
 Application Servers
 File Servers
 Print Servers

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 Network Types
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 The wireless interconnection of
personal information technology
devices within the range of an
individual.
 Mostly associated with Bluetooth
technology

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http://www.scottevest.com/v3_product_info/features.shtml
 Network Types
 Personal Area Network (PAN) – Alternate
Definition
 The human body is used to conduct a minimal
electric current to transfer information from one
individual’s device to another’s. The original PAN was
designed by Thomas
Zimmerman and allowed
users to pass digital
electronic information
through touch, by
transferring information from
one person’s device to
another’s, running a subtle
current through the body.
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/user/pan/pan.html

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 Exchange emails through handshake

TWO Japanese telecoms giants have developed technology that turns the human body
into a broadband-paced link that allows e-mail addresses to be exchanged through a
simple handshake, a report said Monday.
The technology, developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. and its
subsidiary NTT DoCoMo Inc., uses the body's conductivity and adds the smarts of a
personal digital assistant (PDA), the Nihon Keizai Shimbun said.
A device attached to a PDA can send and receive weak electrical signals through
people, with human bodies as communications circuits, the paper said, citing sources
close to the companies.
Apparel and handbags have their own conductivity, allowing an electrical connection to
a PDA that can remain in one's pocket, the paper said.
In this way, people can exchange e-mail addresses, names and phone numbers while
shaking hands, with the data automatically written into both their PDAs, the paper said.
The companies have confirmed in an experiment that data can be transmitted at 10
megabits per second, comparable to the speed of a broadband Internet connection, it
said.
The technology could allow data communications through door knobs, switches, desks
and chairs, the paper said. It could pave the way to one day being able to pass through
railway ticket gates or entering secure buildings with a simple touch. It could also get a
computer to start up with the proper settings as soon as the user sat down, the paper
said.
Agence France-Presse

See also
“Microsoft patents body power”

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 Network Types

 Local Area Network (LAN)

 Connects computer systems and devices
within a common geographic area

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 Local Area Network

switch
Wireless
Star access point
topology System Administrator

Bus
topology

Servers
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 Network Types

 Intranet
 A private network that utilizes Internet
and Web protocols and software.
 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
 Uses the Internet to connect an
organization’s networks dispersed around
the world into one large intranet.

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 Network Types
 A Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN) connects networks within
a city or metropolitan-size area
into a larger high-speed network.

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 Network Types
Wide Area Network
Connects LANs between cities,
cross country, and around the router
world using microwave and
satellite transmission or
FSU Tallahassee LAN
telephone lines.

router

FSU Panama City LAN

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 Network Types

 A Global Network (International

Network) is a WAN that crosses
National boundaries.

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 Network Types
 Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI, uses
networked systems and follows standards
and procedures that allow output from one
system to be processed directly as input to
other systems, without human participation.

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 Installing Home Wi-fi
 Requirements
 High-speed Internet
 Cable Modem or DSL
Modem (provided be
ISP)
 Wireless Access
Point/Router
 Wireless adapters for
each device. Wireless Access
Point / Router
 Additional Access Points
as needed. Cable Modem To Cable Co.

Wireless home media: http://www.apple.com/airportexpress

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 Review

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 Chapter 5 Questions?

Don’t forget to turn

your phone on!!

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