Learn Arabic - Lesson 1

َّ ٰ َ ْ َّ َّ ْ
‫ِبس ِم الل ِـه الرحمـ ِن الر ِح ِيم‬

L
E Learn Arabic
V with Zainab Jaafar
E
L
1 Lesson 1. The Alphabets
In this lesson
1. Main characteristics of Arabic,
2. The vowels (long & short)
3. The consonants.
Basic needs
1. Arabic keyboard 2. A notebook.
3. Join an Arabic group.

Arabic keyboard
Main Characteristics of Arabic
1. Direction of Arabic
Right- to- Left language
‫ب اللُغَةُ العَ َربيَّةُ م َن ْاليَمين إلى‬

ُ َ ‫ت ُ ْكت‬
‫سار‬ َ َ ‫ي‬ ْ
‫ال‬
2. Letters connectivity
final medial initial Letter
‫ـك‬ ‫ـكـ‬ ‫كـ‬

‫ك‬
‫مَـلِـك‬ ‫ََمـكـتَـب‬ ‫ِكـتـاب‬
‫ ك‬+‫ل‬ ََ + َ‫ ك‬+َ‫ ب َم‬+َ‫ ا‬+‫ ت‬+َ‫ك‬

َِ +َ‫ ب َم‬+‫ت‬ ِ /k/
‫وف األ َ ْب َج ِديَّةُ‬
‫ال ُح ُر ُ‬
‫‪The Alphabets‬‬
The alphabets
Consonants (25)
Arabic = 28 letters Long Vowels (3)
+ Short Vowels (3)

(Harakat)
Long Vowels
Long Vowels
long vowel name pronunciation Similar sound in English
‫ا‬ alif /æ/ man
‫و‬ waw /ɔ:/ long
‫ي‬ Yaa /i:/ lead

‫‪Examples‬‬ ‫د‬
‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫‪/d/‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫دي‬ ‫دو‬ ‫دا‬
‫دين‬ ‫دور‬ ‫دار‬
‫‪Examples‬‬ ‫م ‪/m‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫‪ /‬و‬ ‫ا‬
‫مي‬ ‫مو‬ ‫ما‬
‫ميل‬ ‫موسى‬ ‫مال‬
Short Vowels
Short Vowels /harakat/ ‫ح َركات‬
َ
movement ‫َح َركَة‬

• Change pronunciation
• Syllabify words
• Change meaning
Short Vowels /harakat/ ‫ح َركات‬
َ
Short vowel shape pronunciation similar sound in English
fatHa ‫ـ َــ‬ /e/ /let/

dhamma
‫ــُـ‬ /ʊ/ /look/
kasra ‫ـ ِــ‬ /ɪ/ /lit/

Other Harakat
Other harakat
‫ــّـ‬
similar concept in English action
shadda stress double letter
he taught ‫علَّم‬
َ ‫علَم‬
َ
/allam/ /alam/
Other harakat
‫ـــ‬
action
The letter is pronounced
sukoon no haraka without a short vowel
‫د ُْرج‬ ‫د ََرج‬
/durj/ /daraj/
Remember!
‫ـَـ َـ ــُـ ــَـ ــّـ ــْـ‬

sukoon shaddah kasra dhamma fatHa
Where in the keyboard?
FatHa َََ = shift + q

Dhamma ََُ = shift + e
Kasra ََ = shift + a
Sukoon َ َْ = shift + x
Shadda َ َّ = shift + ~
Change Keyboard
direction
The Alphabets in a nutshell
‫وف األَ ْب َج ِديَّةُ ‪The Alphabets‬‬
‫ال ُح ُر ُ‬
‫ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ رزسش ص ض‬
‫ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي‬
1. ‫ا‬
Letter name pronunciation Similar sound in English
‫ا‬ alif /a/ man
‫ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ رزسش ص ض‬
2. ‫ب‬
‫ب‬ baa /b/ boy
‫أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ رزسش ص ض‬
3. ‫ت‬
‫ت‬ taa /t/ take
4. ‫ث‬
‫ث‬ thaa /θ/ three
5. ‫ج‬
‫ج‬ jeem /ʤ/ job
6. ‫ح‬
‫ح‬ haa /h/
7. ‫خ‬
‫خ‬ khaa /kh/
8. ‫د‬
‫د‬ dal /d/ day
9. ‫ذ‬
‫ذ‬ thal /ð/ the
10. ‫ر‬
‫ر‬ raa /r/ run
11. ‫ز‬
‫ز‬ zai /z/ zebra
12. ‫س‬
‫س‬ seen /s/ sea
13. ‫ش‬
‫ش‬ sheen /ʃ/ shop
14. ‫ص‬
‫ص‬ sad /s/
15. ‫ض‬
‫ض‬ dhad /dh/
16. ‫ط‬
‫ط‬ taa /t/
17. ‫ظ‬
‫ظ‬ dhaa /dh/
18. ‫ع‬
‫ع‬ ayn /a’/
19. ‫غ‬
‫غ‬ ghain /gh/
20. ‫ف‬
‫ف‬ faa /f/ fat
21. ‫ق‬
‫ق‬ qaf /q/
22. ‫ك‬
‫ك‬ kaf /k/ kick
23. ‫ل‬
‫ل‬ lam /l/ let
24. ‫م‬
‫م‬ meem /m/ man
25. ‫ن‬
‫ن‬ noon /n/ man
26. ‫هـ‬
‫هـ‬ haa /h/ hot
‫ـ‬ ‫ه‬
‫هـ‬
27. ‫و‬
‫و‬ waw /ɔ:/ woman
28. ‫ي‬
‫ي‬ yaa /j/ year
Let’s practice!
‫‪Repeat‬‬
‫لَ ْي ْل‬ ‫ُر ْز‬ ‫قِ ْط‬

‫ُه ْد ُه ْد‬ ‫ع ْي ْن‬
‫َ‬ ‫فَ ْم‬
‫ض َر‬ ‫ِم ْ‬ ‫ك ُْر ِس‬
‫ثَلجْ‬
‫ْب‬ ‫ْي‬
Examples from the Quran
translation
‘In the Name of Allah, the
Beneficent, the Merciful. All
praise belongs to God, Lord
of the Universe, the
Beneficent, the Merciful
‫﴾ ا ْل َح ْم ُد ِللَّـ ِه‬١﴿ ‫الر ِح ِيم‬ َّ ‫الر ْح َم ٰـ ِن‬َّ ‫س ِم اللَّـ ِه‬ ْ ‫ِب‬
and Master of the Day of ‫﴾الر ْح َم ٰـ ِن‬
َّ ٢﴿ ‫ين‬ َ ‫ب ا ْلعَالَ ِم‬ ِ ِّ ‫َر‬
Judgment, (Lord), You alone
We do worship and from َ َّ‫﴾ ِإي‬٤﴿ ‫ِّين‬
‫اك‬ ِ ‫﴾ َما ِل ِك يَ ْو ِم ال ِد‬٣﴿ ‫الر ِح ِيم‬ َّ
You alone we do seek
assistance, (Lord), guide us ‫الص َرا َط‬ِّ ِ ‫﴾ ا ْه ِدنَا‬٥﴿ ‫ين‬ ُ ‫ست َ ِع‬ْ َ‫اك ن‬ َ َّ‫نَ ْعبُ ُد َوإِي‬
َ َ‫ين أ َ ْنعَ ْمت‬
to the right path, the path
of those to whom You have ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم‬ َ ‫﴾ ِص َرا َط الَّ ِذ‬٦﴿ ‫ست َ ِقي َم‬ ْ ‫ا ْل ُم‬
granted blessings, those
who are neither subject to ﴾٧﴿ ‫ين‬ َّ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم َو َاَل ال‬
َ ِّ‫ضا ِل‬ َ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ضو‬ ُ ‫غ ْي ِر ا ْل َم ْغ‬َ
Your anger nor have gone
astray.’ [Holy Quran, 1:1]
Now your turn!
Exercise 1 Transcribe the following:
‫بُرتُقال‬ ‫تُفَّاح‬
‫ِفيل‬ ‫نَ ْمل‬
‫سيَّارة‬
َ ‫َح ِليب‬
& Write your name in Arabic and transcribe
it in the comment!
Exercise 2 Transcribe the underlined words:
translation
‘In the Name of Allah, the
Beneficent, the Merciful. All
praise belongs to God, Lord
of the Universe, the
Beneficent, the Merciful
‫﴾ ا ْل َح ْم ُد ِللَّـ ِه‬١﴿ ‫الر ِح ِيم‬ َّ ‫الر ْح َم ٰـ ِن‬َّ ‫س ِم اللَّـ ِه‬ ْ ‫ِب‬
and Master of the Day of ‫﴾الر ْح َم ٰـ ِن‬
َّ ٢﴿ ‫ين‬ َ ‫ب ا ْلعَالَ ِم‬ ِ ِّ ‫َر‬
Judgment, (Lord), You alone
We do worship and from َ َّ‫﴾ إِي‬٤﴿ ‫ِّين‬
‫اك‬ ِ ‫﴾ َما ِل ِك يَ ْو ِم ال ِد‬٣﴿ ‫الر ِح ِيم‬ َّ
You alone we do seek
assistance, (Lord), guide us ‫الص َرا َط‬
ِّ ِ ‫﴾ ا ْه ِدنَا‬٥﴿ ‫ين‬ ُ ‫ست َ ِع‬ْ َ‫اك ن‬ َ َّ‫نَ ْعبُ ُد َو ِإي‬
َ َ‫ين أ َ ْنعَ ْمت‬
to the right path, the path
of those to whom You have ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم‬ َ ‫﴾ ِص َرا َط الَّ ِذ‬٦﴿ ‫ست َ ِقي َم‬ ْ ‫ا ْل ُم‬
granted blessings, those
who are neither subject to ﴾٧﴿ ‫ين‬ َ ِّ‫ضا ِل‬
َّ ‫علَ ْي ِه ْم َو َاَل ال‬
َ ‫ب‬ ِ ‫ضو‬ ُ ‫غ ْي ِر ا ْل َم ْغ‬ َ
Your anger nor have gone
astray.’ [Holy Quran, 1:1]
Lesson 2.
Syllabification & the Definite Article /el/)
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َّ ٰ َ ْ َّ َّ ْ

‫ِبس ِم الل ِـه الرحمـ ِن الر ِح ِيم‬

1. Main characteristics of Arabic,

2. The vowels (long & short)

1. Arabic keyboard 2. A notebook.

3. Join an Arabic group.

Right- to- Left language

‫ب اللُغَةُ العَ َربيَّةُ م َن ْاليَمين إلى‬

final medial initial Letter

‫ـك‬ ‫ـكـ‬ ‫كـ‬

‫ ك‬+‫ل‬ ََ + َ‫ ك‬+َ‫ ب َم‬+َ‫ ا‬+‫ ت‬+َ‫ك‬

Arabic = 28 letters Long Vowels (3)

+ Short Vowels (3)

long vowel name pronunciation Similar sound in English

‫ا‬ alif /æ/ man

‫و‬ waw /ɔ:/ long

‫ي‬ Yaa /i:/ lead

movement ‫َح َركَة‬

Short vowel shape pronunciation similar sound in English

fatHa ‫ـ َــ‬ /e/ /let/

kasra ‫ـ ِــ‬ /ɪ/ /lit/

shadda stress double letter

‫ـَـ َـ ــُـ ــَـ ــّـ ــْـ‬

FatHa َََ = shift + q

‫ا‬ alif /a/ man

‫ب‬ baa /b/ boy

‫ت‬ taa /t/ take

‫ث‬ thaa /θ/ three

‫ج‬ jeem /ʤ/ job

‫ح‬ haa /h/

‫خ‬ khaa /kh/

‫د‬ dal /d/ day

‫ذ‬ thal /ð/ the

‫ر‬ raa /r/ run

‫ز‬ zai /z/ zebra

‫س‬ seen /s/ sea

‫ش‬ sheen /ʃ/ shop

‫ص‬ sad /s/

‫ض‬ dhad /dh/

‫ط‬ taa /t/

‫ظ‬ dhaa /dh/

‫ع‬ ayn /a’/

‫غ‬ ghain /gh/

‫ف‬ faa /f/ fat

‫ق‬ qaf /q/

‫ك‬ kaf /k/ kick

‫ل‬ lam /l/ let

‫م‬ meem /m/ man

‫ن‬ noon /n/ man

‫هـ‬ haa /h/ hot

‫و‬ waw /ɔ:/ woman

‫ي‬ yaa /j/ year

‫لَ ْي ْل‬ ‫ُر ْز‬ ‫قِ ْط‬

Syllabification & the Definite Article /el/)

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