LEXICAL IMPLICATIONS

I. LEXICAL ACCESS IN PERCEPTION

II. PRIMING
III. FOUR COMPONENTS OF LEXICAL
ACCESS
IV. LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION
 LEXICAL ACCESS IN PERCEPTION

• Lexical - Lexicon: bank of Words

• Access: a way or means of entering or
approaching
• Perception: the way you think about or understand
someone or something

LEXICAL ACCESS IN PERCEPTION- the idea

which pops-up in your mind once a lexicon entered.
 Lexical Access in Perception

The lexicon will often contain many different items or

combinations of items that match the phonological structure
in working memory. the functioning of our mind right at that moment.

For example:
A parent a person who is a mother or a father

Apparent easy to see or understand

 Lexical Access in Perception

When a lexical item establishes a

phonological connection to working
memory, this also activates its syntactic
and conceptual structures and connects
them to the appropriate departments of
working memory as well—in competition
with other candidates, of course.
 PRIMING

A technique whereby exposure to one stimulus

influences a response to a subsequent stimulus
without conscious guidance or intention.

For example:
NURSE DOCTOR
 PRIMING

BUG
INSECT SPY
Bug has to prime insect and This requires context
spy via the semantics of the and deeper analyzation
items. for its concept to come in
mind.
The primed lexical item insect
is already somewhat active
when the probe stimulus is
detected, so it takes less time
for it to reach the threshold
necessary to trigger a
response.
PRIMING
 FOUR COMPONENTS OF LEXICAL ACCESS

1. Activation of a lexical item in long-

term memory.
This can be accomplished by a call
from phonological working memory to
the item's phonological structure.
 FOUR COMPONENTS OF LEXICAL ACCESS

2. Binding (or copying) of a long-term

memory item to working memory.
Binding entails activation; but, as we
have just seen in the case of priming,
activation does not necessarily entail
binding.
 FOUR COMPONENTS OF LEXICAL ACCESS

3. Integration
is the process of combining an item
on the “blackboard” with a larger
structure being built. In case there is
more than one possible structure into
which the item might fit.
 FOUR COMPONENTS OF LEXICAL ACCESS

4. Resolution
is the collection of processes by
which multiple possibilities for
integration are pared down. These
come in at least two subvarieties.
 LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION

• Lexical - Lexicon: bank of Words

• Access: a way or means of entering or
approaching
• Production: making or using something

LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION- the

application or correct and incorrect usage of words.
 LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION
Caramazza and Miozzo 1997; Engelkamp and
Rummer 1998

Lexical production is simply spreading

activation in a static network: a visual
stimulus drives one end of the network,
and the phonology of a word comes out
the other end.
 LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION

Speech error result from incorrect resolution/selection:

When the wrong competitor is chosen, we get word

substitutions based on similarity in meaning.

• He shot him through with a sword for … arrow.

• We get blends such as troblem for trouble plus
problem.
 LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION

Speech error result from incorrect resolution/selection:

 The phonology must also know what morphological forms

of words to choose, depending on the syntactic context. It
has to know whether a verb is, say, in past tense or stem
form, as in

He went versus Did he go?—which is determined by

syntactic context.
 LEXICAL ACCESS IN PRODUCTION

Speech error result from incorrect resolution/selection:

 It also has to know whether to put in morphemes that

lack semantics.

• It's raining
• He didn't go
• A picture of Bill
Ma'am A :)