RIVER BANK PROTECTION

METHODS

Guided By: Presented By:

MS. R.SAKTHIVEL. ME., SUBINTHOMAS
Asst. Professor (722106413018)
Department of Civil Engineering.
SVS College of Engineering.
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INTRODUCTION
 Rivers- Lifeline of Civilization
 River bank erosion and its causes
Flooding- High flow velocity
Riverside constructions
Sand Mining
Boat induced bank failure
Wind waves
 Effects of river bank erosion

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TYPES OF BANK FAILURE-1
BANK SCOUR

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TYPES OF BANK FAILURE-II
MASS FAILURE

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RIVER BANK PROTECTION
METHODS

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1. CONCRETE LINED CHANNELS
 Concrete lined bottom
and side slopes
 Long life, Minimum
maintenance
 Can be used for narrow
right of way
 Used at transitions to
bridges and culverts

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2. RIPRAP
 Permanent erosion resistant ground
cover
 Engineering Qualities
Ease of placing- Machine and hand placing
Low maintenance, simple installation
Flexibility and durability
 Decreases water velocity
 Placed over filter material- sand, gravel or
fabric
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RIPRAP

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TYPES OF RIPRAP
GRADED
 Mixture of stones of varying sizes

UNIFORM
 Stones will be moreover similar in size

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3. GABIONS
 Rectangular wire basket filled with stones
 Corrosion of wire basket prevented by
PVC coating

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GABIONS

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APPLICATIONS
 Used for limited space and steep slopes
 Can be pre-fabricated as a unit and
applied
 Can be placed continuous mattress for
slope protection

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TYPES OF GABIONS
 Mattress Gabions  Reno Mattresses
Shallow broad basket Low height mattresses
tied together side by used in mass surface
side erosion areas
 Articulated Concrete  Green Terramesh
Mattresses Systems
Precast concrete blocks Has a biodegradable
held together by steel inner layer
rods or cables  Trapion
 Bastion Trapezoidal cross
Has a porous membrane section which allows
which allows water out stacking of the gabions
and retain soil

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 4. LANDSCAPING AND VEGETATIVE
EROSION CONTROLS

• Vegetation
• Grass Lined Channels
• Vetiver Lined Channels

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 5. ARTICULATED AND INTERLOCKING
CONCRETE BLOCKS

• Concrete blocks cemented to a

fabric liner

• Flexible and porous mats which

allow plants to grow through
openings

• Can be undermined by debris

filled flood waters

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 6. SACKS AND SOIL-CEMENT
BLOCKS
• Burlap sacks filled with soil or
sand cement mixtures

• Provides long term protection

if sand cement mixture is set
up properly

• Manufactured with local

materials or obtained
commercially

• Casted with openings to

provide for drainage

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7. WINDROWS AND TRENCHES
• Windrows involve piling
sufficient supply of erosion-
resistant material on bank

• ™
Trenches are similar except
they are buried to be less
unsitely

• When bank erodes further,

erosion resistant material
slides down and protects
bank as the figure indicates.

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 8. RETAINING WALLS

• Vertical structures to prevent bank erosion

• 3 types :
o Gravity walls
o Cantilever walls
o Sheet piling walls

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 GRAVITY WALL
• Resist forces by mass of the
structure

• Concrete walls – mass

structures reinforced with
steel

• Masonary wall – mass wall

built with masonary

• Crib wall – box like structure

filled with gravel and soil
material with living branches in
between

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 CANTILEVER WALL

• Uses cantilever action to retain the

backfill

• Helps to retain the backfill 4m – 7m

• Anchor is used to increase the

stability

• Can be used along with geotextile

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 SHEET PILES
• Thinner in section compared to
masonary walls

• Slope stabilization by directing the

earth pressure of the shoulder into
the foundation

• Need to be retained if high soils

(3m-4m) are to be retained

• Used in places where space is

limited

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9.POURED-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
GRID

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 10. NATURAL RIVER BANK
PROTECTION
 Biodegradable
 Designed from materials that naturally
degrade over time
◦ Erosion Control Mats
◦ Coconut Fiber Logs
◦ Coir Blocks
◦ Coir Silt Checks
◦ Coir Wattles

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NATURAL RIVER BANK
PROTECTION

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11. GEOTEXTILES
 Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association
with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect or
drain.Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile
fabrics come in three basic forms: woven, needle punched or heat
bonded.
 Woven Geotextiles: Perfect for stabilization and separation in areas
needing high strength materials.
 Nonwoven Geotextiles: Ideal for drainage or filtering applications.
Products typically have a high permittivity rate for these kinds of
erosion control needs.

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GEOTEXTILES

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LIMITATIONS
 Concrete lined channel should only be used where
existing channel right of way is restricted. It has negative
impacts in terms of aesthetics and habitat along stream
corridors
 Riprap can fail due to particle erosion, translational
slides, slumps and slide slope failure. Riprap should not
be used on shoulders steeper than 1V:1H.
 Gabions tolerate limited foundation movement.
 Gabions have a short service life where installed in
streams that have a high bed load. Avoid use where
streambed material might abrade and cause rapid failure
of gabion wire mesh.
 Gabions are not designed for to resist large, lateral
earth stresses.Construction technique must ensure no
water can flow behind practice.
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CONCLUSION

 River bank erosion, more than just being a geographic
phenomenon, has deeper effects on the society such as
loss of agricultural land, consequential loss of
employment and economic instability. When extreme
catastrophes like landslides occur, there are more
serious consequences such as loss of human lives.
Hence it is imperative that river bank stabilization is
done systematically and proactively. The methods
touched upon in this seminar have been tried and
tested in various parts of the world and are
recommended engineering solutions for the problem of
river bank erosion.

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