NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

PRESENTED BY – JAI PRAKASH DANSENA

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 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

GENERAL OBJECTIVES-
• To help learn how a nuclear power plant works.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES-
• Discuss the process of energy generation with nuclear power
plants and its component.

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 CONTENT
• Introduction
• Fission Reaction
• Nuclear Fuels
• Layout
• Components
• Advantages & disadvantages
• Summary
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 WHAT IS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ?

• Nuclear power comes from nuclear fission

• Many power plants, including nuclear power plants,
heat water to produce electricity.
• These power plants use steam from heated water
to spin large turbines that generate electricity.
• Nuclear power plants use heat produced during
nuclear fission to heat water.
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 WHAT IS FISSION REACTION ?

• In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to

form smaller atoms, releasing energy.
• Fission takes place inside the reactor of a
nuclear power plant.
• At the center of the reactor is the core,
which contains uranium fuel.
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NUCLEAR FISSION REACTION 6
 NUCLEAR FUELS

Nuclear fuel consists of two types of uranium:-

U-238 and U-235.
Most of the uranium in nuclear fuel is U-238.

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LAYOUT OF NUCLEAR PLANT

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 MODERATOR
• Material in the core which slows down the neutrons
released from fission so that they cause more fission.
• It is usually water, but may be heavy water or graphite
• .
CONTROL RODS
• These are made with neutron-absorbing material such
as cadmium, hafnium or boron, and are inserted or
withdrawn from the core to control the rate of reaction.

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 COOLANT
• A fluid circulating through the core so as to transfer
the heat from it.
• In light water reactors the water moderator functions
also as primary coolant.

PRESSURE VESSEL OR PRESSURE TUBES

• Usually a robust steel vessel containing the reactor
core and moderator/coolant, but it may be a series of
tubes holding the fuel and conveying the coolant
through the surrounding moderator.
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 SHIELDING

• During Nuclear fission α,β,γ,radiation and

neutrons are also produced.
• They are harmful to human life.
• Therefore it is necessary to shield the reactor with
thick layers of lead, or concrete to protect both the
operating personnel as well as environment from
radiation hazards.

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 STEAM GENERATOR
The steam generator is fed with feed water
which is converted into steam by the heat of
the hot coolant.

TURBINE
The steam produced in the steam generator is
passed to the turbine and work is done by the
expansion of steam in the turbine.

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 COOLANT PUMP AND FEED PUMP
• The steam from the turbine flows to the condenser where
cooling water is circulated.
• Coolant pump and feed pump are provided to maintain the
flow of coolant and feed water respectively.

GENERATOR
Which convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

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 ADVANTAGES

• Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low

amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2).
• Fuel has low cost.
• It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical
energy in one single plant

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 DISADVANTAGES

• In nuclear power plant radiation emits.

• High initial construction cost.

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 SUMMARY

• We see what is nuclear power plant.

• We see chain reaction.
• We see component .
• Advantage and disadvantage.

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THANK YOU

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