Security & surveillance

Closed Circuit
Television (CCTV)

BUILDING SERVICES II 31st March 2015

 Structure of presentation
 Definition of CCTV Cameras
 Uses of CCTV
 Working of CCTV system
 Types of CCTV system: Wired & Wireless
 Types of CCTV cameras
 Advantages of CCTV system
 Disadvantages of CCTV system
What is CCTV?
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific
place, on a limited set of monitors.
It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may
employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links.
Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those
used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports,
military installations, and convenience stores.

CCTV systems may operate continuously or

only as required to monitor a particular event.
A more advanced form of CCTV,
utilizing Digital Video Recorders (DVRs),
provides recording for possibly many years,
with a variety of quality and performance
options and extra features (such as motion-
detection and email alerts).
Surveillance camera on a corner
Uses of CCTV?
CCTV is commonly used for a variety of purposes, including;

Maintaining perimeter security in medium-to-high secure areas &

installations.

Observing behavior of incarcerated inmates and potentially dangerous

patients in medical facilities.

Traffic monitoring
Building & ground security
Overseeing locations that would be hazardous to a human, for example,
highly radioactive environment.

Obtaining a visual record of activities where it is necessary to maintain

proper security, for example, in banks, casinos or airports.
Working of CCTV Systems
Consists of basically four
components:

1. Camera
2. Autoswitcher (console):takes
radio signals to monitor,
waves converted into audio &
video signals within TV

3. Monitor (TV): converts signals

into videos

4. Cables: media of transmission

CCTV camera systems
includes one or more
cameras which are
used to send video
images and audio
data to a monitor.
Essentially, these
camera systems use
cameras to transmit
the signals to a main
hub which then
records that data for
later viewing or live
viewing.
Display monitor
Types of CCTV Systems
CCTV systems are broadly divided into two types. These are-

Wired CCTV System

Wireless CCTV System
1. Wired CCTV Systems
Wired CCTV systems connect the camera to the recording device and monitor
with the help of standard coaxial cables or Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
cables or fiber optic cables. The image data is usually transmitted over a
coaxial cable. The signal transmitted over these cables is then fed into a
monitor or set of monitors if the image needs to be visible in different
locations.

2. Wireless CCTV Systems

Basically, wireless CCTV systems are similar to wired CCTV systems. The
difference is that a radio transmitter is attached to the camera. A radio
receiver then attached to the input on the monitor system or computer.
Wireless systems are useful when the distance between the camera and the
monitor is too far to be practical for a cable run.
CCTV Cameras & types
A security camera is used in surveillance to monitor public or private areas
that need to be monitored.

Cameras are of three types:

1. Fixed-angle vision up to 85
2. Rotating- rotates up to 350 (almost a full
circle)

3. Tilting type- tilts to 60-90, located along

ceiling or wall, wherever positioned needs
electric connection to constatntly charge the
batteries.
 Indoor camera
 Outdoor camera
 IR Day/Night camera
 Dome camera
 Bullet camera
 Hidden camera
 Pan Tilt Zoom camera
Advantages of CCTV?

Deters crime: the presence of CCTV camera system for surveillance will
reduce petty thefts and vandalism in shops, malls and other public places.

Helps maintain records: the images and videos captured by CCTV camera
system are often recorded and stored into a database.

Protects employees: this is particularly helpful in customer service centres.

For evidence in lawsuits: in legal cases of thefts and other forms of crime,
video and images provided by the CCTV camera system can serve as a valid
proof and evidence against the defaulter.
Disadvantages of CCTV?

Do not work always: CCTV cannot monitor every area of your office or home
at all times. Hence it cannot be considered as a foolproof method for crime
prevention.

Privacy concerns: invasion of privacy is the major issue when it comes to any
security system device like the CCTV camera system. It lowers the employee
morale and hampers productivity at times.

Initial costs: the initial costs incurred per camera are high. The installation
may also increase the initial expenditure. It depends upon the complexity of
the CCTV camera system as well.