Time Study

• Observed Time (OT)

• Raw unadjusted time a worker takes
• Normal Time (NT)
• Time experienced worker should take
• NT = (OT) (Rating)
• Standard Time (ST)
• NT increased to account for allowances (personal, fatigue, and delays)
Allowances

• Normal time is increased by three types of allowances

• Personal
• Fatigue
• Delay
• Shift Allowances or Work Allowances?
• Policy decision
• Shift Allowances (a percent of shift time)
• ST = NT / (1 – Allowances)
• Work Allowances (a percent of work time)
• ST = NT ( 1 + Allowances)
Personal Allowances

• Typically 5%
• Given for activities such as blowing your nose, visits to the restroom,
getting a drink of water, “smoking”, etc.
• May or may not be considered part of breaks and lunch
• Extra allowances for clean-up, protective clothing, travel
Fatigue Allowances

• Given to compensate a worker for time lost due to fatigue

• Given only if fatigue is actually a possibility
• Physical Fatigue: Table 27.6 – 27.8
• Mental Fatigue: Table 27.9 – 27.10
• Environmental Fatigue: Table 27.11 – 27.14
• Points do NOT equal percentages
• See Table 27.4 for summation
Physical Fatigue
Physical Fatigue
Physical Fatigue
Mental Fatigue
Mental Fatigue
Environmental Fatigue
Environmental Fatigue
Environmental Fatigue
Environmental Fatigue