HPAI in Indonesia

Dr. Elly Sawitri Siregar

Coordinator, HPAI Campaign Management Unit
Directorate of Animal Health
DGLS, MoA

H5N1 HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN

INDONESIA: CURRENT SITUATION
FAO Rome, 27 - 29 June 2007
 Overview

Background
Current HPAI situation
National Strategic Plan for Control
An accelerated approach
Problems encountered
 Poultry Numbers

• Total Population 1.5 billion

• Standing population 600m

– Village chicken 300m (~600m annually)
– Layer 100m
– Broiler 175m (>1b annually)
– Duck 35m

(plus others – quail, pigeon, goose…)

Source : Statistik Peternakan (2005)

 HPAI Disease Situation
• First identified in late 2003
• 31/33 provinces have confirmed cases (243/444
districts)
• HPAI incidence varies across the country
– Endemic in Java, Sumatra and S Sulawesi
– Lower incidence in eastern provinces
– Both commercial and village poultry
– Chickens, quails and ducks affected
• Human AI cases since 15 June 2005
– 80 fatalities from 100 cases (16 June 07)
– Concentrated around Jakarta and western Java
 HPAI detections by district
January - March 2007

HPAI was detected in 122 districts (of 444 districts) in first quarter 2007
Source: The Directorate General of Livestock Services
Location of PDS Interviews
Jan-March 2007
Location of PDS Confirmed
Outbreaks (Jan-March 2007)
2006 - National Strategic Plan
• ‘National Strategic Work Plan for the Progressive Control
of HPAI in Animals 2006-2008’ developed with FAO
assistance

• 9 elements :
1. Campaign Management
2. Enhancement of HPAI Control
3. Surveillance and epidemiology
4. Diagnostic laboratory services
5. Animal quarantine services
6. Regulation
7. Communication
8. R&D
9. Poultry Industry Restructuring
 2006 - National Strategic Plan
• Strategy remains valid

• Good progress has been made, particularly

- Management – Komnas, MoA, CMU, RMU, LDCC
- Surveillance – PDS/R, DICs, Prov/District Livestock Services,
Universities – (PDS/R integrated with DSO/MoH - establishment
phase)
- Laboratories – real time PCR at DICs and RIVS
- Communications – coherent programmes, AI village cadre

• But
- Little evidence of HPAI incidence being reduced
- Ongoing human exposure and cases
- Ongoing impact on people, communities, industry...
 Proposed: An Accelerated
Control Programme
• A continuum
– Not a change of strategy but an acceleration

• Core Programme
– The existing programme
– Continue to strengthen management, communications, surveillance and
control
• Accelerated Programme
– Aggressively attack high incidence areas (human and poultry)
– Risk mitigation
– Greater use of vaccination
– Modify industry activity, trade patterns, behaviour
• Consultation on 13/14 June
– General consensus from GoI and international experts
– Need to refine and develop a costed operational plan
– But where are the resources to implement?
 PHASED IMPLEMENTATION OF
AN ACCELERATED CONTROL PROGRAMME

#5
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 Avian Influenza Cases

Lower Incidence

Endemic HPAI
 Immediate Objectives

1. Protect free areas

2. Eliminate disease from low incidence
areas
3. Reduce incidence in endemic areas
 Challenges
• Improve quarantine and public awareness to
protect free areas
• Increase surveillance sensitivity and effective
timely response in low incidence areas
– No vaccination
• Reduce virus transmission in endemic areas
– Early detection and response
– Biosecurity of markets, commercial industry, villages
– Vaccination
– Consistent and rigorous response to outbreaks
 Constraints
• Large diverse poultry industry
• ‘Autonomy era’
• Widespread and multiple poultry diseases
• Insufficient commitment and resources
• Competing priorities
• Lack of disease knowledge
• Limited understanding of biosecurity and
hygiene
• Commercial industry autonomy
• Outdated legislation